Question 1

Nystatin is a polyene antifungal medication used primarily for the treatment of which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Nystatin is used to treat intestinal,vaginal,and oral fungal infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida albicans and other Candida species.

Question 2

Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a patient taking an antifungal medication?

Accepted Answer

The patient should take all medication as ordered and not stop treatment when the symptoms disappear.The therapy might have to continue for many weeks before lab tests show that the infection is gone.

Question 3

Most of the antiretroviral drugs are toxic to which of the following organs or organ systems?

Accepted Answer

Most antiretroviral drugs inhibit the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the liver,altering the metabolism of medications.

Question 4

A patient infected with HIV comes into the clinic for a regular appointment and seems less depressed and more talkative.She has been on an antiretroviral drug for a few months.The patient tells the nurse she feels like she is cured,because she is taking the medication and feeling better.Which of the following represents what the nurse will say to this patient? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

Antiretrovirals do not cure HIV infection,but taking the medication as scheduled prevents resistant strains of HIV and slows the progression of the disease.

Question 5

The nurse checks what other medications the patient is taking before instructing him about the antiretroviral he is started on.This is necessary for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

Most antiretrovirals inhibit the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system involved in the metabolism of drugs in the liver.For this reason,they should not be taken at the same time as other medications.

Question 6

A patient comes into the clinic complaining of being exposed to a coworker who has the flu.The patient is asymptomatic.The nurse anticipates that the physician will order which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Flumadine (rimantadine)is used for prophylaxis and treatment of illness caused by various strains of influenza virus.

Question 7

Which of the following are the most common adverse reactions to antifungal medications? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

Nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea are the most common adverse reactions to antifungal medications.

Question 8

Before antiretrovirals are started for patients infected with HIV,which of the following lab values should be obtained from the patient?

Accepted Answer

Before beginning drug therapy with antiretrovirals,the helper T-lymphocyte (CD4)count must be measured.These results help assess an HIV patient's immunologic status and severity of infection.

Question 9

Nystatin is used to treat which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Nystatin is used to treat intestinal,vaginal,and oral fungal infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida species.

Question 10

Which of the following dietary recommendations is given when administering the antifungal medication griseofulvin?

Accepted Answer

Griseofulvin should be taken with meals that are high in fat;this causes more of the medication to be absorbed.

Question 11

Antiretroviral agents exert their effect by which of the following means?

Accepted Answer

Antiretroviral agents act to stop more retroviruses from being made by interfering with the ability of a retrovirus to reproduce,or replicate.

Question 12

Zovirax (acyclovir)is indicated in the treatment of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Antiviral medications are used in patients with herpes zoster,herpes simplex,genital herpes,or varicella.

Question 13

Which of the following groups of drugs limits the progression of HIV?

Accepted Answer

Antiretrovirals are an important group of drugs that slow the growth or prevent the duplication of retroviruses;they are used to limit the advance of HIV and AIDS.

Question 14

Which of the following medications are considered nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen)and lamivudine (3TC)(Epivir-HBV)are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,or NRTIs.

Question 15

A patient asks a nurse what an AIDS-related opportunistic infection is.Which of the following should be the nurse's reply?

Accepted Answer

An opportunistic infection develops because of the damage to the body's immune system,leaving the body unable to protect itself from certain other infections.

Question 16

An HIV-infected patient asks,"Why do you have to wear gloves to dress the wound on my foot? I thought blood was the only thing you had to be careful with." Which of the following represents what the nurse will tell the patient?

Accepted Answer

It is necessary to avoid exposure to lesions or body fluids.

Question 17

A patient infected with AIDS tells the nurse that she has been only partially compliant with the medications because of the side effect of nausea.The nurse's best response is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

For patients who are trying to slow or halt their HIV infection,it is important to provide individual teaching and help these patients with their specific problems if they want to succeed with the treatment goals.

Question 18

"Crix belly" is a syndrome characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

Patients taking indinavir sulfate may develop an adverse reaction called "Crix belly," which is a syndrome characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides,cholesterol,and plasma glucose,a weight gain of 40 lb or more,and accumulation of fat around the abdomen and flank.

Question 19

Which of the following conditions can result when antifungals are taken concurrently with corticosteroid therapy?

Accepted Answer

Several superinfections may result when antifungals are given along with prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

Question 20

For cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis,the physician would prescribe which of the following types of medication?

Accepted Answer

Some antiviral medications are helpful in treating patients with CMV retinitis.

Quiz 13: Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Anti-fungal Medications