Question 1

A patient is an alcoholic and is frequently in the clinic for various illnesses,including dehydration from vomiting.He presents this time with vomiting,anorexia,and fatigue.The health care provider has ordered intravenous fluids to be started on this patient.The nurse knows that electrolytes and vitamins will be in the solution.Given the patient's history,which of the following vitamins should be included in the IV solution?

Accepted Answer

Beriberi is a disease that is not common in the United States but is sometimes found in patients with alcoholism.Symptoms include anorexia,vomiting,and fatigability.Vitamin B₁ (thiamine)is used to treat beriberi.

Question 2

Folic acid is used for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid (vitamin B₉)is required for normal erythropoiesis,or red blood cell formation,and for nucleoprotein synthesis.

Question 3

Vitamin A is used to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is used in the treatment of specific eye diseases and night blindness.

Question 4

The recommended daily allowance of vitamin A for adults is 750 mcg/day.A patient tells the nurse that he is taking 1000 mcg of vitamin A daily to prevent night blindness.The nurse knows that the overdose of this medication can lead to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Patients taking high levels of vitamin A should be monitored closely for hypervitaminosis,or vitamin overdose/toxicity related to vitamin intake.

Question 5

A patient was started on niacin (vitamin B₃)because of a deficiency in her diet.The patient called the clinic with complaints of flushed face,weakness,and tingling skin.Which of the following is correct concerning this patient?

Accepted Answer

Flushing is a frequent side effect of niacin,along with weakness and tingling skin;the drug should not be stopped.

Question 6

Women who are lactating should eat foods rich in vitamin A that include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Some foods rich in vitamin A are animal products such as dairy products,eggs,and organ meats.

Question 7

Which of the following vitamins deals with the metabolism of proteins,fats,and carbohydrates and is active in the tissue respiration system?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₂,or riboflavin,is water soluble,acts as a precursor to two essential enzymes that deal with metabolism of protein,fats,and carbohydrates,and is active in the tissue respiration system.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is rich in vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is fortified in infant formula,skim milk,margarine,and some cereals.

Question 9

An older adult patient comes to the doctor's office with complaints of malaise,nervousness,and difficulty walking.Her blood work reveals a deficiency in pyridoxine.The nurse would know that the patient has a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxine deficiency is most likely to develop in the older adult population.Symptoms include malaise,nervousness,irritability,and difficulty walking.

Question 10

One of the main functions of vitamin D is to stimulate calcium and sodium reabsorption in which of the following vital organs?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D stimulates calcium and sodium reabsorption in the kidney.

Question 11

Which of the following vitamins turns urine yellow in color?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₂,or riboflavin,is water soluble and turns urine yellow in color.

Question 12

The highest amount of vitamin E is found in which of the following food sources?

Accepted Answer

The highest amount of vitamin E is found in wheat and rice germ.Meat and dairy have the least.

Question 13

The main action of vitamin D is the movement of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The main action of this group of sterols is the movement of calcium and phosphorus ions into three main sites: small intestine,kidney,and bones.

Question 14

Vitamin D is used in the body for the absorption of which of the following minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the body.

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins are fat-soluble?

Accepted Answer

E,A,K,and D are fat-soluble vitamins that are stored in the body.

Question 16

Women taking oral contraceptives often show high levels of which of the following vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Women taking contraceptives often show very high elevation in plasma vitamin A levels and should be closely monitored for hypervitaminosis.

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is important in red blood cell formation?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid,also known as vitamin B₉,is required for normal red blood cell formation.

Question 18

Which of the following is an action of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?

Accepted Answer

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)has multiple functions which include the protection of vitamin A and E.

Question 19

A young woman comes into the clinic for a routine checkup and to make sure she is healthy enough to become pregnant.An increased intake of which of the following vitamins is recommended for women who intend to become pregnant?

Accepted Answer

Recent guidelines have emphasized the importance of increased folic acid intake by women intending to get pregnant,in order to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Question 20

Which of the following is the fat-soluble vitamin with the least potential for toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E appears to be the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins.No signs and symptoms of toxicity or hypervitaminosis have been identified as yet in humans.

Quiz 24: Vitamins and Minerals