Question 1

True experimental designs don't always include random assignment to groups and manipulation of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

True experimental designs always include random assignment to groups and manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 2

The use of correlational research may be particularly relevant in education and counseling given that there is a need to study complex human issues and understand their relationship.

Accepted Answer

Correlational research allows researchers to examine the relationship between two or more variables, making it a valuable tool in understanding complex issues in education and counseling. However, it is important to note that correlational research cannot establish causality and should be complemented with other research methods.

Question 3

Preexperimental research has been noted to include four different approaches: survey, observational, correlational, and causal comparative.

Accepted Answer

Preexperimental research designs typically include approaches such as the one-shot case study, the one-group pretest-posttest design, and the static-group comparison, not the methods listed.

Question 4

A type of quasi-experimental design is the multiple time series design.

Accepted Answer

The multiple time series design is a type of quasi-experimental design where the dependent variable is measured multiple times before and after an intervention, but it does not include a control group.

Question 5

Manipulation refers to the researcher's having some control over or ability to alter an event or condition of interest for an individual or group.

Accepted Answer

Manipulation in research refers to the deliberate and controlled alteration of a variable or condition of interest for individuals or groups. Researchers aim to manipulate these variables in order to observe the effects of the manipulation on the outcome variable being studied.

Question 6

Dependent variables are influenced by and dependent on independent variables.

Accepted Answer

Dependent variables are affected and influenced by independent variables.

Question 7

Extraneous variables are considered to be either uncontrolled or unknown factors that can potentially affect the results or the response to the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Extraneous variables are considered to be either...

Question 8

A Solomon Four-Group Design is not used often, mainly because it is expensive to conduct.

Accepted Answer

The Solomon Four-Group Design involves four groups to test the effects of pretesting on the outcomes, requiring more participants and resources, making it more expensive and complex to conduct compared to simpler experimental designs.

Question 9

When the researcher is unable to use random assignment to groups, there are fewer threats to the internal validity of the study because there are possible differences between the group members prior to the intervention.

Accepted Answer

When randomized assignment is not possible, there are actually more threats to internal validity, as it becomes more difficult to rule out pre-existing differences between the groups.

Question 10

How do Tuli (2010) define a positivism approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do Tuli (2010) define a positivism...

Question 11

How does Creswell (2012) define a variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Creswell (2012) define a variable?...

Question 12

What is an independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an independent variable?...

Question 13

What is a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a dependent variable?...

Question 14

List and discuss four of the major categories of research designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and discuss four of the major...

Question 15

What are the two criteria used in distinguishing true experimental designs from other designs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two criteria used in...

Question 16

Researchers have developed methods of representing research designs with symbols. What does the symbol "X" indicate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have developed methods of representing research...

Question 17

What is a Solomon Four-Group Design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a Solomon Four-Group Design?...

Question 18

What is a multiple time series design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a multiple time series design?...

Question 19

What two types of research designs have been categorized as preexperimental?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What two types of research designs have...

Question 20

Define "attributes" and provide three examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define "attributes" and provide three examples....

Quiz 3: Quantitative Research Designs