Question 1

Which is the best advice for parents wishing to socialize altruistic behavior in their child?

Accepted Answer

Forcing altruistic behavior by threat can create resentment and a lack of genuine empathy in the child. Instead, parents should model altruism, provide opportunities for children to practice it, and believe that their parenting behavior can impact their child's development of altruistic tendencies.

Question 2

Which description of the sex difference in spatial ability is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that there are sex differences in spatial ability, with boys on average scoring higher than girls on tests measuring spatial skills. However, it's important to note that there is overlap in the distributions of scores for boys and girls, and individual differences within each gender are large. Therefore, it's not accurate to say that "most boys perform better than the brightest girl" (option A) or that "girls perform better than boys" (option B). Option C, "girls and boys score equally," is also not accurate as research has consistently shown a sex difference in spatial ability. Option D is the most accurate as it reflects the overall trend in the data while acknowledging individual variability.

Question 3

Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is

Accepted Answer

Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is low, which means that the child doesn't have to sacrifice too much or face too many negative consequences in order to perform the act.

Question 4

Male and female social roles are

Accepted Answer

Social roles for males and females are not biologically determined but are culturally defined. There are expectations for how men and women should behave, what jobs they should have, and how they should interact with others that differ across cultures and time periods. These expectations are often enforced through socialization and can change as societies change.

Question 5

Which child is most likely to act altruistically toward Gunter, who is having a very difficult time learning how to skate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which child is most likely to act...

Question 6

Phil believes that all women are emotional, physically weak, and interested in cooking. Phil's beliefs about women would best be described as

Accepted Answer

Phil's beliefs about women fall under gender stereotypes, which are overgeneralized and often inaccurate beliefs about the behaviors, abilities, and characteristics of men and women.

Question 7

One of the most effective ways for Dottie to get her child to engage in altruistic behavior is for Dottie to

Accepted Answer

Research shows that one of the most effective ways for parents to encourage altruistic behavior in their children is to model the behavior themselves. When children see their parents engaging in kind and helpful actions, they are more likely to do the same. Therefore, Dottie should strive to model altruistic behavior herself to encourage her child to do the same. Choices A, B, and D are not effective strategies for encouraging altruism in children.

Question 8

Gender-role stereotypes involve beliefs that

Accepted Answer

Gender-role stereotypes are generalizations about what behaviors, traits, and interests are typical for males or females. While they are not always true, they can be informed by cultural norms and expectations. Therefore, sometimes gender-role stereotypes do reflect behavior that is typical in a specific cultural context.

Question 9

The most effective way for Hera to get her son young Zeus to become more prosocial would be to

Accepted Answer

Offering young Zeus opportunities to help with tasks such as bringing in groceries is a positive way for Hera to encourage prosocial behavior. Criticizing his current behavior or showing him negative consequences may not be effective and could potentially harm their relationship. Leading by example (option A) could also be helpful, but providing tangible opportunities for Zeus to practice prosocial behavior is likely the most effective approach.

Question 10

Concerning social roles, female activities are typically more

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concerning social roles, female activities are typically...

Question 11

The reason that students are expected to act differently than professors is because they represent different

Accepted Answer

Students and professors have different social roles within the academic setting. Professors are expected to have more authority and expertise, while students are often seen as learners who are still developing their knowledge and skills. Therefore, it is natural for them to be held to different standards of behavior. Prosocial behaviors, gender identities, and stereotypes may also play a role in shaping behavior, but they are not the primary reason for the different expectations between students and professors.

Question 12

Perspective taking is to empathy as

Accepted Answer

Perspective taking and empathy both involve understanding another person's thoughts or feelings. However, perspective taking is a cognitive act of understanding another's perspective, while empathy is an emotional act of feeling with another person. Similarly, in the answer choices, "a cognitive act is to an emotional act" is the only choice that reflects the relationship between perspective taking and empathy.

Question 13

Parents who incorporate ____ into their discipline are most likely to encourage altruistic behavior.

Accepted Answer

When parents use reasoning in their discipline approach, they explain the impact of the child's behavior on others and encourage empathy. This type of approach is more likely to lead to the development of altruistic behaviors in children. Punishment, on the other hand, may lead to fear and resentment rather than empathy and altruism. Parallel play and ethology are not directly related to discipline or the development of altruistic behavior.

Question 14

With which person is Rosalind most likely to act altruistically?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind is most likely to act altruistically towards her little sister because of their familial bond and the natural inclination to protect and care for family members.

Question 15

Gender stereotypes influence behavior by providing

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotypes provide a set of behavioral expectations for males and females. These expectations can influence how individuals behave and are perceived by others. For example, stereotypes about women being more emotional or nurturing can lead to them being viewed as less competent in workplaces that value stoicism or assertiveness. Similarly, stereotypes about men being more aggressive or competitive can lead to them being viewed as more competent in these same environments. These expectations can limit individual freedom and perpetuate inequality based on gender.

Question 16

If he is like most preschoolers, Dougie is likely to believe that girls are

Accepted Answer

The answer of If he is like most preschoolers, Dougie...

Question 17

Which thought has been shown to increase the odds of a child engaging in an altruistic act?

Accepted Answer

Thoughts reflecting a recognition of one's ability to meet another's needs, such as "I think I have what they need," have been linked to an increased likelihood of engaging in altruistic acts. This is because recognizing the ability to help directly translates to the motivation to act altruistically.

Question 18

On her way to visiting Malaysia for the first time, Joan wonders what the people there will expect from her during their interactions. Joan is concerned about

Accepted Answer

Joan is concerned about social roles, which are the expectations and norms for behavior that guide interactions in a particular context or culture. As a visitor to Malaysia, Joan may be unsure of what is expected of her in terms of behavior, communication style, and social norms. Understanding social roles is important for successful cross-cultural interactions. Dispositional praise, prosocial behavior, and altruism are related to individual traits or actions, rather than cultural expectations for behavior.

Question 19

A social role is best described as

Accepted Answer

A social role is a set of cultural expectations about how individuals should behave in a particular social position. It provides guidelines for appropriate behavior in various situations and establishes social norms and values for interacting with others. Social roles vary across cultures and may include roles such as parent, teacher, spouse, employee, and citizen.

Question 20

Which person is most likely using a gender stereotype to describe Erin?

Accepted Answer

Roddy is using a gender stereotype by generalizing all females as being intelligent and understanding.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood