Question 1

As a typical 10-year-old American female, Brianna is more likely to ____ than a same-age male counterpart.

Accepted Answer

Research has indicated that girls tend to express their emotions more openly and frequently than boys at similar ages.

Question 2

Lisa believes that she cannot play football because "I'm a girl, and girls aren't supposed to play football." This belief is most likely an aspect of Lisa's

Accepted Answer

Lisa's belief that girls cannot play football is related to her gender identity, which is the psychological sense of being male or female. She may have internalized societal norms and stereotypes that associate football with masculinity, leading her to believe that as a girl, she should not engage in this activity.

Question 3

According to gender-schema theory, in order to decide where to learn more about an object, a child must first

Accepted Answer

Gender-schema theory proposes that children categorize objects and activities as being masculine or feminine. Therefore, in order to decide where to learn more about an object, a child must first determine whether the object is associated with females or males. This is done through gender schema, which is developed through socialization and cultural norms.

Question 4

On average, boys are _____ than girls.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that boys outperform girls on tasks that involve spatial ability, such as mental rotation and spatial visualization. This is believed to be at least partially due to differences in brain development and hormone levels.

Question 5

Hamid believes that because his brother Yusef is playing with girl toys that Yusef is now a girl. This would indicate that Hamid apparently does not yet understand

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy is the understanding that one's gender remains the same over time and is not changed by superficial activities or changes in appearance. Hamid's belief indicates he does not yet understand this concept.

Question 6

Which quote is most reflective of the use of a gender schema?

Accepted Answer

The quote "Is soccer for boys or for girls?" reflects the use of a gender schema because it implies that certain activities or interests are associated with certain genders, and that these associations are commonly accepted by society.

Question 7

As a typical American father, Hans would be most upset if his son Franz

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a typical American father, Hans would...

Question 8

A gender-schema theorist would be most likely to argue that young children are

Accepted Answer

Gender-schema theory suggests that individuals actively seek out and process information about gender in their environment. This means that young children are constantly looking for cues about gender, including through their interactions with others, media, and cultural norms, and using this information to construct their own gender identities and expectations. Thus, choice C is the most accurate answer.

Question 9

Kyle and Sharon have a young daughter and a young son. As typical parents, they most likely treat their children the same except when it deals with

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kyle and Sharon have a young daughter...

Question 10

Dwight's statement, "I am a boy" is an example of

Accepted Answer

Dwight's statement, "I am a boy," is an example of gender labeling, as he is identifying and labeling himself based on societal expectations and conventions associated with his male gender. Gender stability refers to the understanding that one's gender stays the same over time, while gender constancy involves the understanding that one's gender cannot change, even if someone's outward appearances change. A gender-role stereotype is a generalized belief or expectation about the typical characteristics, activities, and roles associated with males and females in a society.

Question 11

David is a five-year-old who knows that he is a boy, and that he is a boy whether he's playing with his toys or his sister's toys. This indicates that David has developed

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy refers to a child's understanding that their gender remains the same regardless of external factors such as toys or clothing. As David demonstrates this understanding, he has developed gender constancy awareness. Prosocial behavior, cooperative play, and social roles are related to other aspects of social development, but not specifically to gender identity.

Question 12

When three-year-old Juan, who is male, says "I'm going to grow up to be a mommy," he is failing to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Gender stability refers to the understanding that one's gender is a stable characteristic that does not change over time. Juan's statement suggests that he does not yet understand gender stability, as he believes that he can grow up to be a mommy despite being male.

Question 13

Billie is a seven-year-old boy who likes to play house and play with dolls. How would his peers be most likely to react to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Billie is a seven-year-old boy who likes...

Question 14

Betsy does not want to play football, because she believes that if she plays, she will turn into a boy! Betsy is failing to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Betsy is failing to demonstrate gender constancy, which is the understanding that one's gender is permanent and stays the same regardless of external factors such as clothing or activities. Betsy believes that playing football will change her gender, indicating that she does not fully understand this concept.

Question 15

When Sara thinks about herself, she has a sense that she is a girl. On the basis of this, you could say for certain that Sara has developed

Accepted Answer

The fact that Sara has a sense of being a girl indicates that she has developed a gender identity. Gender identity refers to a person's subjective sense of being male or female, which typically develops during early childhood. Gender stability and gender constancy refer to more advanced understandings of gender that typically develop later in childhood. Gender-role stereotypes are beliefs about what behaviors and characteristics are appropriate for males and females, but they do not necessarily relate to one's own sense of gender identity.

Question 16

The statement "girls always grow up to be women" provides an example of

Accepted Answer

The statement "girls always grow up to be women" reflects the idea of gender stability, which is the understanding that one's gender is a stable and consistent aspect of their identity from childhood to adulthood. This statement does not necessarily reflect gender-role stereotyping, the one-to-one principle, or a specific gender role.

Question 17

Which aspect of understanding gender is a child likely to demonstrate last?

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy is typically the last aspect of gender understanding that children develop, as it involves recognizing that gender remains the same over time and across situations, which is more complex than the other aspects.

Question 18

Which is not a finding of researchers studying sex differences?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that males are generally less likely to comply with the directions of adults compared to females.

Question 19

Katie is upset with her friend Leslie. In order to "get even" with her, she tries to make Leslie's other friends mad at Leslie by making up stories about her. What is this sort of behavior called?

Accepted Answer

This behavior is known as relational aggression, which involves harming others through social manipulation, rumor spreading, and other means of damaging social relationships.

Question 20

Tina is a girl who has congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This means that it is more likely that Tina will prefer ____ more than other girls.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that girls with CAH are more likely to prefer masculine activities and toys compared to girls without CAH. This is believed to be due to an increased exposure to male sex hormones during fetal development.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood