Question 1

Newt is known for being very opinionated, extremely sociable, and loving a challenge. According to the Five-Factor model, Newt is best thought of as being

Accepted Answer

Newt is described as being sociable and loving a challenge, which are characteristics of extroversion in the Five-Factor model.

Question 2

How does encapsulation assist older thinkers?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation involves breaking down complex information into smaller, more manageable chunks. This can help compensate for declining cognitive abilities in older thinkers, allowing them to better process and understand information.

Question 3

Which statement between adult learners and their younger counterparts is true?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that adults tend to be more motivated by internal factors such as personal growth and curiosity, while younger learners may be more motivated by external factors such as grades or approval from others.

Question 4

Since she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as an "agreeable" personality, you would expect that Marcy would be described by others as a

Accepted Answer

Since Marcy has an "agreeable" personality, she is likely to be described by others as a "joy to be around." People with agreeable personalities tend to be warm, friendly, and accommodating, which makes them easy to get along with and well-liked by others.

Question 5

Costa and McCrae's model of personality, which includes dimensions like conscientiousness, neuroticis0m, and openness to experience, is commonly referred to as the ____model.

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae's model of personality is commonly referred to as the five-factor model because it includes five dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Choice A (humanistic) is a different theoretical approach to personality, and choices B (centrality) and D (psychodynamic) are not relevant to Costa and McCrae's model.

Question 6

If Barney is accurately described as being very even-tempered and unemotional, he would likely score very low on a test of

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is the personality trait that is associated with emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness. If Barney is described as even-tempered and unemotional, it is unlikely that he would score high on a test of neuroticism.

Question 7

An individual low on the ____ characteristic would likely be described as even-tempered and comfortable.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness. Individuals low on neuroticism tend to be more even-tempered and comfortable, as they experience fewer negative emotions.

Question 8

On which personality dimension would someone who is stingy, critical, and suspicious score the lowest?

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is the personality dimension associated with empathy, kindness, and cooperativeness. Someone who is stingy, critical, and suspicious would not score high on agreeableness as they are not exhibiting traits associated with this dimension.

Question 9

What are the five factors in the five-factor model?

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model, also known as the Big Five personality traits, includes five dimensions/traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Choices A and B are incorrect because they refer to different constructs of psychology, and choice C is incorrect because it focuses on stress and coping processes rather than personality traits.

Question 10

_____ occurs when the processes of thinking become connected to the products of thinking.

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation occurs when the processes of thinking become connected to the products of thinking.

Question 11

Regis is asked to describe what it is like to work with Kathy Lee. In response, he says, "She is mean, anxious, and really self-conscious." This description best matches a person scoring high on Costa and McCrae's ____ personality dimension.

Accepted Answer

Regis describes Kathy Lee as mean, anxious, and self-conscious, which are all characteristics associated with high levels of neuroticism.

Question 12

At which age is the debate of personality stability versus change most heated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At which age is the debate of...

Question 13

Since she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as a "highly extroverted" personality, you would expect that Samantha would be described by others as

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae describe highly extroverted individuals as those who tend to be outgoing, assertive, and sociable. Therefore, one would expect individuals with high levels of extroversion to enjoy being in the spotlight and seek out social situations. Therefore, "loving the spotlight" is the best description of Samantha.

Question 14

Kevin is described by friends as having a great imagination and being willing to try anything once. Given this description, Kevin would most likely score very high on a scale of

Accepted Answer

Kevin's reported great imagination and willingness to try new things indicate a high level of openness to experience. This trait is characterized by creativity, curiosity, and an appreciation for new experiences, ideas, and perspectives.

Question 15

Which belongs on a list of traits of someone who scores low on an openness to experience assessment?

Accepted Answer

Being "uncurious" or closed to new experiences is a common trait of individuals who score low on openness to experience assessments. Preferring stimulating environments, being antagonistic, and ambitious are not necessarily indicative of low openness to experience.

Question 16

A low score on the ____ personality dimension has been associated with having a Type A personality.

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness refers to the tendency to be cooperative and compassionate, and a low score on this dimension is associated with being more competitive and hostile, which are traits commonly found in Type A personalities. Openness to experience, neuroticism, and extroversion are not as directly related to Type A personality traits.

Question 17

One negative effect of encapsulation is the

Accepted Answer

The answer of One negative effect of encapsulation is the
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Question 18

Though her ability to think about other things has declined significantly, 74-year-old Judy's ability to interpret the law continues to make her an excellent attorney and judge. Judy's ability to process information has most likely become ____ with her knowledge of the law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though her ability to think about other...

Question 19

Ruth is determined to become president of the corporation. She works more than 10 hours per day, is meticulous in her work, and sticks with the most difficult projects until they are completed. Ruth would most likely score highly on a scale that measured

Accepted Answer

Ruth's determination and hard work suggest high conscientiousness, which is characterized by being organized, responsible, and dependable. Agreeableness refers to being cooperative and empathetic, extroversion to being outgoing and sociable, and openness to experience to being imaginative and adventurous. While these traits may contribute to Ruth's success, it is her conscientiousness that is most evident in the given scenario.

Question 20

If asked to list the "processes of thinking," you should avoid saying,

Accepted Answer

The other three choices - memory, information processing, and fluid intelligence - are all recognized as important cognitive processes. However, resilience is not typically considered a process of thinking.

Quiz 13: Making It in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood