Question 1

Which pianist is most likely to use private speech while practicing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which pianist is most likely to use...

Question 2

Marla is watching her daughter, Daisy, try to color within the lines in her favorite coloring book. Daisy knows how to hold the crayons, can see the pictures properly, and understands the idea of not going over the lines, but she struggles to control the crayon. Marla does not like seeing Daisy get upset when she crosses a line, so she sits to help her by holding the crayon with her. According to research presented in your chapter, which of the following should you expect as a result of Marla's assistance?

Accepted Answer

By holding the crayon for Daisy, Marla is actually impeding her motor skills development, which is necessary for efficient coloring. Daisy will learn to rely on assistance rather than developing her own skills, ultimately affecting her ability to color without assistance. Therefore, she may learn to color less efficiently.

Question 3

Which of the following represents the correct order in which speech skills develop in babies?

Accepted Answer

Crying is the first vocal behavior babies exhibit, followed by cooing (vowel-like sounds), and then babbling (combining consonants and vowels).

Question 4

Mariposa is lying in her crib, and is making elongated single vowel sounds, like "ahhhhhhh" and "oooooooh." If she has only recently begun to make these sounds, how old would you guess that Mariposa is?

Accepted Answer

Typically, babies begin making elongated vowel sounds between six and eight weeks old. Since Mariposa has only recently begun to make these sounds, the best guess would be that she is around two months old. Option A (two weeks) is too early for this behavior, while options C (six months) and D (eight months) are too late.

Question 5

Private speech is to ____ as inner speech is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Private speech is a form of self-guidance, often observed in children as they talk themselves through tasks. Inner speech, on the other hand, represents the internalization of this process, becoming a form of thought.

Question 6

Flannery is only a few years old, and she likes to do puzzles. As she snaps the pieces together, she can be heard saying things like, "This one goes here," and "No, that doesn't fit!" Flannery's verbalizations are an example of ____ speech.

Accepted Answer

Flannery's verbalizations are not intended for communication with others, but rather to help herself organize and guide her own actions, making them an example of private speech.

Question 7

Research has found that infants can distinguish different phonemes from each other as early as ____ of age.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that infants can distinguish different phonemes from each other as early as one month of age.

Question 8

Scaffolding involves a teaching style in which assistance is always

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding involves providing support and assistance to learners based on their individual needs and level of understanding. This can involve adapting the teaching style to match the learner's preferred learning style, providing feedback and guidance, breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps, and gradually reducing the amount of support as the learner becomes more confident and capable.

Question 9

The basic building blocks of spoken language are

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in spoken language and serve as the basic building blocks for all words. Syllables are made up of clusters of phonemes and morphemes are units of meaning, but neither are as fundamental to spoken language as phonemes. While words are important in spoken language, they are made up of combinations of phonemes and do not serve as the most basic building block.

Question 10

According to your textbook, which of the following distinguishes the parenting of mothers in the U.S. from mothers in India and Guatemala?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, mothers in the US rely primarily on verbal instructions, while mothers in India and Guatemala use verbal instructions combined with touches and gazes to guide children. This is different from the parenting styles in the US, where touch and gaze are not as commonly used as a parenting tool.

Question 11

How does learning to use our native language relate to learning faces of those around us?

Accepted Answer

Both learning to use our native language and learning to recognize faces of those around us require repeated exposure and practice to develop a more refined understanding. However, there is no evidence to suggest that these skills develop more rapidly in one gender over the other. Additionally, while the fusiform face area in the brain is activated during face recognition, it is not necessarily the only area involved in language processing.

Question 12

Mariposa is lying in her crib, and is making elongated single vowel sounds, like "ahhhhhhh" and "oooooooh." Which of the following best describes her verbalizations?

Accepted Answer

The elongated single vowel sounds made by Mariposa are characteristic of cooing, which is a type of vocalization made by infants. Crying and whining typically involve more complex sounds, while babbling involves more consonant sounds.

Question 13

Which is a key cue used by infants when attempting to identify whether a sound represents a word?

Accepted Answer

Infants focus on the stress patterns in speech to identify words. This is known as the "phonotactic regularity" in language, where certain combinations of sounds are more likely to appear in words than others. By attending to the stressed syllables, infants are able to pick out these word-like sound patterns in speech.

Question 14

Which part of a newborn's brain appears to be the most sensitive to the use of language?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the left hemisphere of a newborn's brain is the most sensitive to language use. This is where language processing and functions such as grammar and syntax are primarily handled.

Question 15

Infant-directed speech typically provides particularly good examples of ____, which may help children to learn to distinguish these sounds more effectively.

Accepted Answer

Infant-directed speech often exaggerates vowel sounds, making them clearer and more distinct, which helps infants learn to distinguish these sounds effectively.

Question 16

Erik is having difficulty saying his "Rs," which is particularly problematic given his first name. When he tries to say "ERIK," it ends up sounding like "EWIK." His parents have him working with a speech therapist to help him overcome this small problem. Technically, Erik's problem lies with mispronunciation of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language. In Erik's case, he is having difficulty pronouncing the "R" phoneme correctly, which is causing his pronunciation of his own name to be incorrect.

Question 17

In what way are newborns more linguistically sophisticated than the average adult?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have the ability to distinguish between phonemes from all languages, a skill that diminishes over time as they specialize in the phonemes of the languages they are exposed to regularly. Adults, on the other hand, typically lose this universal phonemic awareness and become more attuned to the specific sounds of the languages they speak.

Question 18

When a child, usually around six months of age, produces vowel-consonant combinations that approximate real speech, she is ____.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is a typical example of babbling, which refers to the production of repeated vocalizations that resemble speech sounds but do not have any clear meaning or purpose. Cooing refers to the early stage of vocalizations that infants produce, often characterized by long vowels and soft sounds, but without the characteristic consonants of babbling. Holophrasing refers to the use of a single word to convey a complex message or idea, which typically occurs around the age of one year. Telegraphing is not a recognized term in the context of child language development.

Question 19

Research has found that children who are seven to eight months of age will learn a word more rapidly if it is

Accepted Answer

Research has found that repeated exposure to a word in conversation helps young children learn new words more rapidly. This is because children need to hear a word multiple times in different contexts in order to fully understand its meaning and remember it.

Question 20

When adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and volume, they are using ____ speech.

Accepted Answer

Adults use infant-directed speech to communicate with babies and young children. This type of speech is characterized by a slower rate of speech, exaggerated changes in pitch and volume, and simplified sentence structures. It is thought to help infants learn language more easily and to capture their attention.

Quiz 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood.