Question 1

In the context of general strain theory, what is the difference between aspirations and expected achievements?

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Question 2

In the context of general strain theory, what is meant by the removal of positive stimuli?

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Question 3

What are objective strains and subjective strains? According to Agnew, why is it important to distinguish between the two?

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Question 4

Why is anger viewed as a critical negative emotion linked causally to crime in general strain theory?

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Question 5

What is the main focus of the age-graded theory of social control?

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Question 6

What social structural factors are taken into account in the age-graded theory of informal social control that have the potential to undermine social bonds?

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Question 7

What is cumulative continuity?

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Question 8

What are control deficits? Provide an example.

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Question 9

How is provocation linked to motivation for deviance in Tittle's control balance theory?

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Question 10

According to Colvin, coercion can be either direct or indirect. Define and provide an example of each type.

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Question 11

What is coercive ideation?

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Question 12

What are moral actions?

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Question 13

Low self-control is made up of six different features. Briefly list and describe these features.

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Question 14

Discuss what is meant by a Life-Course Turning Point.

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Question 15

While Gottfredson and Hirschi propose that lack of self-control is the main cause of crime, they also suggest that it is linked to a range of other behaviours and life outcomes. What are the analogous behaviours, which are also often viewed as deviant, in which people with low self-control are more likely to engage? What are some of the broader "social consequences" of this lack of self-control?

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Question 16

What are the three types of strain that are the focus of general strain theory? How can these types of strain be seen to be overlapping?

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Question 17

Outline Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of informal social control. What are the major recognized strengths and weaknesses of this theory?

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Question 18

How can Tittle's control balance theory be applied in explaining youth crime? In your discussion, take into account the concepts of control ratio, control surplus, control deficits, and control balance desirability.

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Question 19

How can Colvin's differential coercion theory be applied in explaining chronic predatory offending? In your discussion, take into account the concepts of coercion, social-psychological deficits, and coercive ideation.

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Question 20

Describe how Agnew's strain theory can be applied to understand why some children bully other children. Could the theories discussed in the reading also be applied to understand bullying? Explain why or why not.

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Quiz 8: Theoretical Perspectives on Youth Crime