Question 1

______ refers to one or more persons who have formal control over an organization, or the act or process of operating the organization.

Accepted Answer

Management refers to the individuals who have formal control and responsibility over the operation and direction of an organization.

Question 2

The work of community corrections officers is governed by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The work of community corrections officers is governed by legal requirements, court decrees, and rules and procedures, therefore, all of these choices are correct.

Question 3

In a total institution, all aspects of life, such as ______ are conducted under one figurative roof.

Accepted Answer

In a total institution, all aspects of life, including eating, sleeping, and working, are controlled and conducted under one figurative roof.

Question 4

The ______ is the public face of the organization.

Accepted Answer

The formal organization is the public face of the organization as it includes the official structure, roles, and responsibilities. This is what the public sees and interacts with, making it the organization's public face. The other choices, open institution, closed institution, and informal organization, do not necessarily have an official public face or structure.

Question 5

______ determines through observation who is the "first rate" worker who does the work in the "one best way."

Accepted Answer

The concept of determining the "first rate" worker who can perform a task in the "one best way" is a key component of scientific management, as developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. This approach emphasizes using observation and analysis to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Management, human relations, and human resource management may incorporate some elements of scientific management but do not focus exclusively on this approach.

Question 6

Scientific management was first proposed in:

Accepted Answer

Scientific management was first proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in his book "The Principles of Scientific Management" in 1911.

Question 7

A flatter and fatter organization posits that people are motivated to do their best work in organizations where:

Accepted Answer

A flatter and fatter organization posits that all of these factors can contribute to a more motivating work environment. Power distributed across positions promotes a sense of autonomy and responsibility, management listening to workers increases trust and engagement, and working in teams fosters collaboration and learning. Together, these create a culture of empowerment and purpose that can drive people to do their best work.

Question 8

In ______ management, power is concentrated at the top.

Accepted Answer

In traditional management, power is centralized with top-level executives or management.

Question 9

Some of the newer theories are more than ______ years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some of the newer theories are more...

Question 10

Higher-level needs include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Higher-level needs refer to self-actualization needs which include love, esteem, and self-actualization. Food, water, and security are considered basic physiological and safety needs.

Question 11

According to Maslow, people are first motivated by lower-level needs, such as

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Maslow, people are first motivated...

Question 12

Which of the following theories posits that people want to work, they want a say in that work, they want to do interesting things in their work, and to make a difference with their work.

Accepted Answer

This is the theory of motivation and job satisfaction proposed by Frederick Herzberg, known as the Two-Factor Theory. He believed that motivation and job satisfaction come from intrinsic factors such as meaningful work and having a sense of achievement, as well as extrinsic factors such as salary and benefits. The factors that lead to dissatisfaction, however, are mostly extrinsic, such as company policies and relationships with supervisors. Therefore, Herzberg believed that to motivate employees, organizations must focus on providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth, and personal development.

Question 13

Theory Z was proposed in:

Accepted Answer

Theory Z was proposed by William Ouchi in 1981, focusing on a management style that promotes stable employment, high productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction.

Question 14

A kind of organizational structure most used in corrections that can be distilled down to three elements of structure is known as (a)n:

Accepted Answer

The three elements of structure referred to in the question are hierarchy, specialization, and rules. These are all key components of a bureaucratic organizational structure, which is commonly used in corrections. Therefore, (C) bureaucracy is the best answer.

Question 15

Which of the following refers to when the sectors of the pyramid below the leader are segmented to concentrate on different aspects of the work, particularly as it becomes more complicated and requires specific skills and abilities?

Accepted Answer

Specialization refers to dividing the work among the different sectors or levels of the pyramid based on specific skills and abilities required for that particular segment of work. As the work becomes more complicated, it is necessary to specialize in different areas to accomplish it efficiently. This is a common practice in organizations where specific skills are required for different aspects of the work.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to the formal rules, procedures, and laws governing agency operations?

Accepted Answer

The term "rule of law" specifically refers to the formal rules, procedures, and laws that govern agency operations. Power refers to the ability to influence others, hierarchy refers to the organizational structure and distribution of power within an agency, and specialization refers to the division of labor and expertise within an agency.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to the pyramidal shape of the organization, with one person, the leader, at the top and an expanding number of people below him or her at each level of the organization?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchy refers specifically to the pyramid-shaped structure of an organization, with one person or group at the top controlling those below them. This structure is common in many large organizations, including corporations, governments, and military forces.

Question 18

Which institutions are separated from their outside environments, and unaffected by those environments, to some extent?

Accepted Answer

Closed institutions are separated from their outside environments and are designed to be self-sufficient. These institutions can include prisons, military bases, and research facilities, among others. While they may be affected by outside forces to some extent, their design and purpose are meant to limit that influence. Total institutions and discreet institutions are not necessarily separated from their outside environments to the same extent as closed institutions, and the term "full" is not relevant in this context.

Question 19

What type of institutions are those in which the formal and distinct roles of staff and inmates are sacrosanct, and each must stay separate from the other?

Accepted Answer

Total institutions are those in which the formal and distinct roles of staff and inmates are sacrosanct, and each must stay separate from the other. Closed institutions refer to solely physically restricting the individuals from the outside world, without regards to separating staff and inmates. Open institutions allow for greater interaction between staff and inmates, often with a focus on rehabilitation. Full institutions is not a recognized term in criminology or corrections.

Question 20

Which of the following is an extension of Theory Z?

Accepted Answer

Total quality management is an extension of Theory Z, which emphasizes employee involvement, teamwork, and continuous improvement.

Quiz 13: Correctional Organizations and Their Management