Question 1

In Ancient Greece and Rome, Citizens who broke the law might be subjected to:

Accepted Answer

In Ancient Greece and Rome, those who broke the law could be punished through exile, or banishment from their community. This was often seen as a harsh but effective way of maintaining social order and discouraging further lawbreaking. Other forms of punishment, such as rehabilitation or probation, were not commonly used in these societies. The use of medication as a form of punishment would not have been relevant in this time period.

Question 2

Which of the following is a benefit associated with the practice of transportation?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Which Enlightenment Period influenced reformer was also influenced by his Quaker religious principles?

Accepted Answer

William Penn was a prominent figure from the Enlightenment Period who was deeply influenced by his Quaker religious principles. His beliefs in equality, freedom of conscience, and the importance of peace shaped his governance of Pennsylvania and left a lasting impact on American political thought.

Question 4

The prison was created with a philosophy of

Accepted Answer

The term "penitentiary" is derived from "penitence," reflecting the original philosophy of prisons as places for individuals to reflect on their wrongdoings and reform.

Question 5

The social control function becomes most apparent when less powerful populations, such as the _____ are involved.

Accepted Answer

The social control function becomes most apparent when less powerful populations, such as the poor, minorities, and females are involved. These groups often have less access to resources and power, making them more vulnerable to the effects of social control.

Question 6

Burning was the penalty for

Accepted Answer

Burning was the penalty for high treason and heresy, murder of a husband by a wife, and murder of a master by a servant. So, the answer is all of these.

Question 7

In Ancient Rome, the most common punishment for penal slaves was

Accepted Answer

Whipping was the most common punishment for penal slaves in Ancient Rome. It was often used as a form of discipline and to keep slaves in line. Branding and shaving of the head were also used as punishment for slaves, but they were not as common as whipping. Exile was not a punishment reserved for slaves, but rather for citizens who committed crimes.

Question 8

Galley slavery also served the purpose of providing the requisite labor of

Accepted Answer

Galley slavery required rowing as the slaves were forced to row the ship, providing the necessary labor to move the vessel through the water. Construction, plowing, and herding would not be applicable as they do not relate to the movement of a ship.

Question 9

Under Pope Pius, galley slaves were entitled to _____ each day, and their sentences ranged from three years to life.

Accepted Answer

Under Pope Pius, galley slaves were entitled to bread each day, as stated in the passage.

Question 10

Which of the following are considered to be some of the central tenets of reform proposed by John Howard?

Accepted Answer

John Howard's central tenets of prison reform included emphasizing the moral and religious education of inmates, with staff serving as moral models. While he did advocate for increased fees for inmates in some cases, and believed that single celling could be beneficial, separating inmates by age was not a significant part of his proposed reforms.

Question 11

Which of the following thinkers was jailed due to his defense of religious freedom and practice?

Accepted Answer

William Penn was jailed multiple times for his advocacy of religious freedom and practice, specifically as a Quaker.

Question 12

Which of the following individuals was identified as an advocate for improved conditions, guidelines, training, and work skills for women inmates?

Accepted Answer

Elizabeth Gurney Fry is known for her advocacy work for women inmates. She worked towards improving conditions, establishing guidelines for the treatment of women prisoners, and providing them with education and work skills.

Question 13

The early European prisons and jails classified inmates by their

Accepted Answer

The answer of The early European prisons and jails classified...

Question 14

Jeremy Bentham's proposed panopticon would be

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham's proposed panopticon was circular in shape, with a central tower that allowed a single observer to see every cell in a surrounding ring of cells.

Question 15

Which of the following fields flourished during the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

All of these fields flourished during the Enlightenment. The arts saw a shift towards neoclassicism, with a focus on reason, simplicity, and order. The sciences made significant advancements in areas such as astronomy, physics, and biology, and were characterized by the use of empirical observation and experimentation. Philosophy also experienced a renaissance, with thinkers such as John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau making important contributions to our understanding of human nature, politics, and ethics.

Question 16

Religious influence is not one of the themes that are apparent in corrections history.

Accepted Answer

Religion has played a significant role in the history of corrections, including the development of the penitentiary system in the United States, which aimed to rehabilitate and reform prisoners through religious instruction and work. Many religious organizations, such as Catholic Charities and the Salvation Army, have also been involved in providing rehabilitation and reentry programs for inmates. Additionally, there have been religiously motivated prison reforms, such as the movement to abolish the death penalty on religious grounds.

Question 17

Rotary jails were like squirrel cages that were segmented into small "pie-shaped cells," were secured to the floor, and could be spun at will by the sheriff.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Rotary jails were actual structures used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. They were designed to control large groups of prisoners with fewer guards, and the spinning motion was meant to disorient inmates and prevent escape attempts.

Question 18

Ancient societies and 'primitive' social groups often invested the penal process with a wholly religious meaning, so that punishment was understood as a necessary sacrifice to an aggrieved deity.

Accepted Answer

Many ancient societies and primitive social groups believed in the power of their gods and viewed punishment as a way to appease them. Punishment was seen as a necessary sacrifice to restore balance and harmony within the community.

Question 19

According to the text, along with widespread use in England, who else maintained a form of jails and prisons during the Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, along with widespread...

Question 20

According to the text the Riot Act, created during 18th century England, allowed the use of capital punishment for what behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text the Riot Act,...

Quiz 2: Early Corrections: From Ancient Times to Colonial Jails and Prisons