Question 1

The term biogovernance refers to using biotechnology to manage potential deviants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term biogovernance refers to using biotechnology...

Question 2

Biological explanations of crime have appeared since the sixteenth-century human physiognomy; the study of facial features.

Accepted Answer

Biological explanations of crime have been around since the study of facial features started in the sixteenth century, known as human physiognomy.

Question 3

The idea that crime is 'in the blood,' that certain criminal behaviors are inherited, or innate, is the hallmark of the psychological approach to criminological explanation.

Accepted Answer

The idea that crime is 'in the blood' or certain criminal behaviors are inherited is more closely associated with biological theories of criminology, which focus on genetic and physiological factors, rather than the psychological approach, which emphasizes mental processes and development.

Question 4

The major emphasis of biological criminology is that humans have unique characteristics, or predispositions, that, under certain conditions, lead some to commit criminal acts.

Accepted Answer

Biological criminology posits that biological and genetic factors may contribute to the development of criminal behavior in some individuals. These predispositions may interact with environmental factors to increase the likelihood of criminal behavior. Therefore, the major emphasis of biological criminology is that humans have unique characteristics or predispositions that can lead to criminal behavior under certain conditions.

Question 5

Of central importance to founding biological criminologists was how to study the criminal.

Accepted Answer

Founding biological criminologists believed that studying the biological characteristics of criminals was important in understanding criminal behavior.

Question 6

Positivism argues that social relations and events can be studied scientifically using methods derived from the natural sciences.

Accepted Answer

Positivism believes in the scientific study of social relations and events using natural science methods.

Question 7

Using somatotyping, William Sheldon observed three distinct human body types. Mesomorphs had thin bodies and were fragile, with large brains and developed nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Mesomorphs are actually characterized by muscular and athletic builds, not thin bodies. Sheldon's three body types were mesomorphs (muscular and athletic), endomorphs (round and soft), and ectomorphs (thin and fragile).

Question 8

Lombroso's theory of atavism was founded on Darwinian ideas about humanity's worst dispositions, which were reversions to a savage state.

Accepted Answer

Lombroso believed that criminals exhibited traits of atavism, or "throwbacks" to a more primitive and savage state of humanity. This theory was based on Darwinian ideas about evolution and the idea that some individuals may not have fully evolved into "civilized" beings.

Question 9

Raffaele Garofalo saw crime as rooted in an organic flaw that results in a failure to develop both altruistic sensibilities and a moral sentiment for others.

Accepted Answer

Raffaele Garofalo believed that crime was caused by an organic flaw that led to a lack of altruistic sensibilities and moral sentiment for others.

Question 10

Using somatotyping, William Sheldon observed three distinct human body types. Ectomorphs were of medium height with round, soft bodies and thick necks.

Accepted Answer

Ectomorphs are actually characterized by being thin, tall, and having a narrow body type. They typically have a fast metabolism and difficulty gaining weight. Sheldon's three body types were ectomorphs, endomorphs (round and soft body types), and mesomorphs (muscular and athletic body types).

Question 11

Several studies indicate that some relationship exists between biological parents' behavior and the behavior of their children, even when their contact has been nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found evidence to suggest a link between biological parents' behavior and the behavior of their children, even in cases where there has been little or no contact between them. This suggests that genetics and heredity may play a role in shaping personality and behavior.

Question 12

Biosocial criminology's basic premise is that the gene is the ultimate unit of life that controls all human destiny.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biosocial criminology's basic premise is that the...

Question 13

Higher than normal levels of testosterone in men have not been linked to aggression and violence.

Accepted Answer

While testosterone has been associated with aggressive tendencies, the relationship between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior is complex and not fully understood. Some studies have shown a correlation between high testosterone levels and aggression, while others have not found a significant link. Other factors, such as individual differences in personality and environmental influences, can also impact a person's likelihood to exhibit aggressive behavior.

Question 14

Researchers have compared and contrasted identical and fraternal twins and claim to find that there are greater similarities in criminal convictions between identical (MZ) twins than between fraternal (DZ) twins.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Researchers have found that MZ twins, who share 100% of their genes, have a higher chance of both being convicted of a crime compared to DZ twins, who share only around 50% of their genes. This suggests that genetics may play a role in criminal behavior.

Question 15

Research revealed that incarcerated inmates with an extra Y chromosome were more likely to be serving a sentence for a violent crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research revealed that incarcerated inmates with an...

Question 16

Although sociobiologists believe that environment and experience also have an impact on behavior, their main assertion is that most actions are controlled by a person's 'biological machine'.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiologists do believe that environment and experience have an impact on behavior, but their main claim is that genetics and biology play a larger role in determining behavior.

Question 17

Sensation-seeking and arousal theory states that, as a result of low levels of dopamine, and dopamine-like neurotransmitters called endorphins, some people have lower-than-average emotional arousal under normal environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

Sensation-seeking and arousal theory states that people with lower-than-average emotional arousal under normal environmental conditions have lower levels of dopamine and dopamine-like neurotransmitters called endorphins.

Question 18

'Cheater theory' argues that some men are sexually aggressive, that they try dominate as many women as possible, and attempt to employ deception to achieve sexual conquest of as many women as possible.

Accepted Answer

The 'cheater theory' proposes that some men have evolved a strategy of being sexually aggressive and using deception to achieve sexual conquest of multiple women. This theory is a topic of debate in evolutionary psychology.

Question 19

The idea that crime is 'in the blood,' that certain criminal behaviors are inherited, or innate, is the hallmark of the ___________ approach to criminological explanation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that crime is 'in the...

Question 20

The term ___________, or reversion, is a condition in which characteristics that have previously disappeared in the course of evolution suddenly recur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ___________, or reversion, is a...

Quiz 4: Born to Be Bad