Question 1

The Academy is to _________ as the Lyceum is to _______

Accepted Answer

The Academy was founded by Plato, and the Lyceum was founded by Aristotle, making option C the correct answer.

Question 2

Socrates believed that knowledge is more likely to be achieved through

Accepted Answer

Socrates believed that knowledge is best achieved through the use of reason, emphasizing rational thought and questioning as means to understand the world and oneself.

Question 3

Sophists were

Accepted Answer

Sophists were itinerant teachers in ancient Greece who took money in exchange for teaching on a variety of subjects, including rhetoric, philosophy, and the art of successful living, not specifically tied to any one profession like medicine, law, or cosmology.

Question 4

Which of the following is remembered as a sophist who advance a thoroughgoing relativistic doctrine?

Accepted Answer

Protagoras is remembered as a sophist who advanced a thoroughgoing relativistic doctrine, famously encapsulated in his statement, "Man is the measure of all things." This reflects his belief that truth is relative to the individual who perceives it.

Question 5

Hippocrates was the first to advance a classification of emotional disorders. His classification included the following categories:

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates, often referred to as the "Father of Medicine," proposed that diseases were caused by natural factors and classified emotional disorders into categories such as mania, melancholia, paranoia, and epilepsy. This was a significant departure from the supernatural explanations prevalent at the time.

Question 6

________________ is sometimes regarded as the real founder of Greek medicine. He was the first to advance a thoroughgoing naturalistic account of all illness. His account made no reference to demons or to supernatural causes. He was

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates is often considered the "Father of Medicine" because he was the first to propose that diseases were caused by natural factors rather than supernatural forces, marking a significant shift towards a more scientific approach to medicine.

Question 7

_________ theorized that two principles, love and strife, interact with the four basic elements (earth, wind, fire, water) and thus play a role in health.

Accepted Answer

Empedocles, a pre-Socratic philosopher, introduced the idea that the universe is composed of four roots (earth, air, fire, and water) and that two forces, love and strife, govern the combination and separation of these elements. This theory was also applied to concepts of health and disease.

Question 8

__________ was one of the first to believe that the brain is involved in cognition, in accordance with his work examining the links between sensory systems and the brain.

Accepted Answer

Alcmaeon of Croton was one of the early figures to propose that the brain is the seat of intelligence and involved in cognition, based on his observations and studies of the sensory systems and their connections to the brain.

Question 9

These two Greek scholars are remembered for, among other things, advancing early versions of evolutionary theory.

Accepted Answer

Anaximander and Empedocles are known for their contributions to early evolutionary thought. Anaximander proposed that life began in the water and that species could change over time, while Empedocles introduced the idea of survival of the fittest, suggesting that only creatures suited to their environments would survive.

Question 10

___________ believed that the four elements (fire, earth, air, and water) combined with two first principles (love and strife) He believed that harmony and balance were important to survival.

Accepted Answer

Empedocles introduced the idea that the universe is composed of four roots, which he identified as fire, earth, air, and water. He also posited two forces, love and strife, as the principles that either combine or separate the elements, respectively. This concept was part of his broader philosophical views on nature and existence.

Question 11

___________ advocated an empirical approach to medicine. He was one of the first to practice dissection.

Accepted Answer

Alcmaeon was an early Greek physician who is credited with advocating an empirical approach to medicine and was among the first to practice dissection for medical purposes.

Question 12

Socrates believed that virtue is attained through ________, whereas evil results from _________

Accepted Answer

Socrates famously posited that knowledge is virtue and that evil or wrongdoing is the result of ignorance. He believed that through self-knowledge, individuals could attain virtue, as they would understand what is truly good.

Question 13

Which of the following statements would be most consistent with Plato's theory of forms?

Accepted Answer

Plato's theory of forms posits that beyond our physical reality, there exists a higher realm of abstract, perfect forms that are immutable and can only be understood through reason and intellect, not through sensory experience.

Question 14

According to Aristotle, humans seek pleasure and happiness but are often frustrated in their attempts to secure these states. Aristotle believed that ""good fortune"" plays a role in the attainment of happiness but even wihout luck we can attain a modicum of happiness by practicing goodness and by

Accepted Answer

Aristotle emphasized the importance of seeking moderation or the golden mean in all things as a way to achieve happiness. This concept is central to his ethical philosophy, suggesting that virtue lies in finding a balance between excess and deficiency.

Question 15

Which of the following might best characterize Aristotle's advice about how to attain goodness and happiness?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's ethical theory emphasizes finding the mean between extremes in our actions and emotions as a path to virtue and happiness. This concept is known as the "Golden Mean," where moderation is key to achieving a good and fulfilling life.

Question 16

Which of the following best characterized Aristotle's beliefs about dreams?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that dreams are based on the movement of sense impressions during sleep, that they may provide important clues about the condition of the body, and that they do not convey divine messages, making all of the provided options correct.

Question 17

According to Aristotle, which of the following is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle considered perception as the most accurate way of knowing among the options given. He believed that knowledge starts from the perception of concrete particulars, which then leads to abstract thought through induction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding Aristotle's distinction between recollection and memory?

Accepted Answer

Recollection, according to Aristotle, involves an active effort to retrieve a piece of information, whereas memory can occur spontaneously without deliberate effort.

Question 19

Aristotle's position on the relationship between soul and body is best described by the term

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's view on the relationship between soul and body is best captured by the term "hylomorphism," which suggests that the soul and body are inseparably connected, with the soul being the form of the body. This concept emphasizes that the soul cannot exist without the body, as it is the essence that gives life to the material body.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a contribution from Socrates or Plato concerning mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

The concept of mental disorders arising from an imbalance of humors is attributed to Hippocrates and Galenic medicine, not to Socrates or Plato. Socrates and Plato focused more on the role of irrational forces, discord within the psyche, and ignorance in contributing to mental disorders.

Quiz 3: Ancient Psychological Thought

The Academy is to ___ as the Lyceum is to _