Question 1

According to the text, three classic schools of psychology continue to remain prominent today. The three
Schools are

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis, neobehaviorism, and humanistic psychology are three classic schools of psychology that have continued to influence the field and remain prominent today. Psychoanalysis focuses on the role of unconscious processes, neobehaviorism emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning, and humanistic psychology centers on individual potential and personal growth.

Question 2

Cognitive therapy, a second wave of post-World War II psychotherapy, was developed by

Accepted Answer

Aaron T. Beck is recognized as the founder of cognitive therapy, which focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns.

Question 3

Albert Ellis developed a therapeutic approach called

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis developed Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which focuses on identifying irrational beliefs, challenging these beliefs, and replacing them with more rational thoughts.

Question 4

The third wave of influential psychotherapies blended Eastern mindfulness with Western behavioral therapy. This approach is called

Accepted Answer

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is the correct answer because it is a type of therapy that combines principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy with Eastern mindfulness practices to help people manage their emotions, cope with stress, and improve their relationships.

Question 5

_______ investigated epilepsy and did extensive research on humans with surgically split brains.

Accepted Answer

Roger W. Sperry conducted pioneering research on split-brain patients, which significantly advanced the understanding of the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in relation to epilepsy and other neurological conditions.

Question 6

_______ was an early cognitive and behavioral neuroscientist who helped launch the use of the EEG in
Psychology.

Accepted Answer

Donald B. Lindsley was a pioneering neuroscientist who significantly contributed to the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in psychology, helping to bridge the gap between psychological phenomena and neurological activity.

Question 7

Discoveries of the methods by which neurons communicate (i.e., via neurotransmitters) laid the groundwork for the emergence of ________ as a field of psychology.

Accepted Answer

Psychopharmacology is the field of psychology that studies the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior, particularly focusing on how neurotransmitters mediate these effects. The discovery of neurotransmitter communication among neurons directly contributed to the development of this field, as it provided a biochemical basis for understanding how drugs can alter psychological states and behaviors.

Question 8

Otto Loewi was awarded a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the first

Accepted Answer

Otto Loewi was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the first neurotransmitter, which demonstrated chemical transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 9

_______ is the study of the role of genes in cognition and behavior, and researchers in this subfield have
Investigated topics such as intelligence, altruism, jealousy, and psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics is the study of how genetics affect human behavior, including aspects like intelligence, altruism, jealousy, and psychopathology.

Question 10

_______ is the study of the interactions between the brain, behavior, the immune system, and social and physical environments.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the field that studies the complex interactions between the nervous system, the immune system, behavior, and the environment, focusing on how psychological processes can affect physical health and immune function.

Question 11

_______ is an early social psychologist whose experiences as a political prisoner helped to inspire his interests and research into prejudice and conformity.

Accepted Answer

Muzafer Sherif's experiences as a political prisoner significantly influenced his interest in social psychology, particularly in the areas of social norms, conformity, and intergroup conflict. His renowned Robbers Cave experiment is a classic study in the field.

Question 12

_______ is a social psychologist whose best-known research program investigated obedience and instigated extensive debate about ethical treatment of participants.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Milgram is renowned for his obedience experiments, which raised significant ethical concerns regarding the treatment of participants in psychological research.

Question 13

Due to her work in political psychology, crowd psychology, corporate issues, and management, _________ helped lay the foundations for industrial-organizational psychology.

Accepted Answer

Mary Parker Follett is known for her pioneering work in political psychology, crowd psychology, and management, which contributed to the development of industrial-organizational psychology.

Question 14

_______ is viewed as the "Father of Applied Psychology" for his application of psychology to a wide variety of business problems such as motivation, argument, persuasion, and suggestions for improving workers' efficiency.

Accepted Answer

Walter Dill Scott is considered the "Father of Applied Psychology" due to his pioneering work in applying psychological principles to business and industry, particularly in areas like motivation and efficiency.

Question 15

________ is viewed as a key contributor to the emergence of industrial-organizational psychology, even though this person's work extended beyond traditional boundaries of psychology into ergonomics, safety, and efficient workplace design in industrial settings as well as the home.

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth's work in industrial and organizational psychology extended into areas such as ergonomics, safety, and efficient workplace design, making her a key figure in the field's emergence. Her holistic approach to improving productivity and worker well-being in both industrial settings and the home distinguishes her contributions.

Question 16

Who is considered the founder of industrial-organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is considered the founder of industrial-organizational...

Question 17

The use of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy was pioneered by

Accepted Answer

Joseph Wolpe is credited with pioneering the use of systematic desensitization in behavior therapy, which is a method used to reduce phobias and anxiety through gradual exposure to the feared object or situation paired with relaxation techniques.

Question 18

The Boulder model recommended that doctoral programs train clinical psychologists to

Accepted Answer

The Boulder model, also known as the scientist-practitioner model, recommended that doctoral programs in clinical psychology train students to be both researchers and practitioners, hence the term "research-practitioners." This model emphasizes the integration of scientific research and clinical practice.

Question 19

Hippocrates, Galen, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Emil Kraepelin, and Lightner Witmer contributed to the intellectual traditions of

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates and Galen contributed to the early understanding of mental health and disorders, laying foundational ideas for clinical psychology. Dorothea Lynde Dix was a significant figure in the reform of mental health care systems, advocating for better treatment of the mentally ill, which is a concern of clinical psychology. Emil Kraepelin is known for his work in psychiatric classification, which is central to clinical psychology. Lightner Witmer founded the first psychological clinic and is often considered the father of clinical psychology, directly linking his work to this field.

Question 20

Psychoanalysis was seriously damaged by which historical event?

Accepted Answer

World War II had a significant impact on psychoanalysis, primarily because many psychoanalysts, who were predominantly Jewish, fled Europe due to the Nazi regime's persecution. This migration led to the spread of psychoanalysis, especially to the United States, but also fragmented the field and disrupted its development in Europe.

Quiz 17: Beyond the Systems of Psychology

According to the text, three classic schools of psychology continue to remain prominent today. The three Schools are