Question 1

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that females tend to earn higher grades in math classes compared to males, although males may perform better on certain standardized math tests.

Question 2

Why boys and girls approach mathematical problems differently is not well understood. One possibility is that girls

Accepted Answer

Girls having less confidence in their mathematical abilities can make them more susceptible to stereotype threat, which is a well-documented phenomenon where individuals underperform in areas where they feel their group is stereotypically weak. This can explain differences in approach to mathematical problems between boys and girls. Choices A and C are not supported by widespread research as explanations for differences in mathematical problem-solving approaches.

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to spatial reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Spatial reasoning can be developed and improved through various activities, including typical school activities like puzzle-play. This contradicts the notion that it is solely influenced by biological factors and cannot be trained or is not useful for most professions. Additionally, the claim that females cannot be trained on specific spatial tasks is unfounded and contradicted by research showing that training can improve spatial skills across genders.

Question 4

Bryan's teacher has noticed that he has trouble with his spatial abilities. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Spatial abilities can be enhanced through training.

Question 5

The water level task is a measure of

Accepted Answer

The water level task is a measure of spatial ability, as it assesses an individual's capacity to understand spatial relationships, in this case, how water levels change in relation to the container's orientation.

Question 6

Who is most likely to fail the water level task?

Accepted Answer

Females are most likely to fail the water level task due to differences in spatial abilities that have been observed in psychological research. This task, which involves predicting the water level in a tilted container, has shown a gender difference in performance, with males typically outperforming females.

Question 7

Spatial ability

Accepted Answer

Spatial ability can improve with practice and learning, such as during school sessions when students are engaged in activities that challenge and develop these skills. This contrasts with periods like summer vacation when such structured learning opportunities may be less frequent.

Question 8

Compared to male infants, female infants during the first weeks of life

Accepted Answer

Female infants tend to maintain greater eye contact than male infants during the first weeks of life, showing early social engagement differences.

Question 9

Alicia and Robert are newborn twins. Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that female infants, on average, tend to engage in more eye contact with their caregivers compared to male infants. This suggests that Alicia, being female, is more likely to maintain greater eye contact.

Question 10

Female infants' greater propensity for social interaction during the first months of life may be due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Female infants' greater propensity for social interaction...

Question 11

In the disappointing gift procedure, _______ to hide their negative emotions.

Accepted Answer

Girls are generally found to be more able to hide their negative emotions in the disappointing gift procedure, reflecting broader findings on emotional regulation and expression.

Question 12

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to sex differences in self-control?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there are indeed sex differences in self-control, with boys generally having more difficulty than girls in tasks requiring impulse control and being less compliant with requests to perform unpleasant tasks. Additionally, before age 4, there are observed differences in behavior, contradicting the notion that there are no significant differences in measures of self-control between girls and boys.

Question 13

Boys and girls differ in their emotional development. Which of the following is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Research in developmental psychology suggests that girls are generally more expressive about their emotions and better at producing emotional expressions, such as sadness, than boys. This is likely due to both socialization processes and possibly innate differences in emotional expressivity.

Question 14

Boys and girls differ in their activities and interests. Which of the following is LEAST likely?

Accepted Answer

The statement about Janice preferring to watch non-educational cartoons is the least likely to be related to gender differences in activities and interests. The other options (B, C, D) align with common gender stereotypes about boys and girls' preferences, such as boys preferring video games and mechanical toys, and girls preferring sedentary activities. However, a preference for non-educational cartoons over educational ones is not typically associated with gender.

Question 15

Dale, a new school psychologist who is freshly out of graduate school, has been noticing many differences between the boys and girls he sees. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dale, a new school psychologist who is...

Question 16

A Canadian study of how children used the Internet in grades 4-11 reported that boys spent slightly more time online than did girls and considerably more time playing games. The study also found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Canadian study of how children used...

Question 17

Mrs. Thomas is the counsellor at the local high school. She notices that

Accepted Answer

Each statement reflects common trends in educational preferences and interests among students. Girls often show a higher interest in music and biological sciences, while boys may lean more towards advanced math classes. These trends can vary widely among individuals but are observed patterns in educational settings.

Question 18

The fact that males and females are biologically different for the purposes of reproduction is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Sexual dimorphism refers to the biological differences between males and females of a species, particularly in physical characteristics related to reproduction.

Question 19

The sex chromosomes begin to influence the fertilized zygote at

Accepted Answer

The sex chromosomes begin to influence the fertilized zygote at different points in development depending on whether it is an X or a Y chromosome. The X chromosome begins to influence the zygote immediately after conception, while the Y chromosome does not begin to influence the zygote until about 2 weeks post conception.

Question 20

Sex-limited traits

Accepted Answer

Sex-limited traits are influenced by the presence of hormones specific to one sex, which is why they may only be expressed in individuals of that sex, even though the genes for these traits can be carried by individuals of both sexes.

Quiz 16: Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences