Question 1

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by

Accepted Answer

CAH is primarily caused by a genetic defect in the enzymes responsible for steroid synthesis in the adrenal glands, leading to an overproduction of androgens (masculine hormones) during prenatal development.

Question 2

Females affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Accepted Answer

DCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can lead to higher levels of androgens in females, which has been associated with an increase in spatial skills (C) and a preference for male-typical activities or associations, such as spending more time with their fathers (D). These outcomes are related to the effects of elevated androgen levels on brain development and behavior.

Question 3

Androgen insensitivity

Accepted Answer

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition where a genetic (XY) male's body is unable to respond properly to male sex hormones (androgens), leading to the development of mostly female physical traits or ambiguous genitalia.

Question 4

Androgen-insensitive males tend to be feminine in

Accepted Answer

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) affects the development of male genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics, leading to a typically feminine appearance, gender identity, and often preferences and abilities due to the body's inability to respond to androgens, which are male sex hormones. This can result in individuals with XY chromosomes presenting with physical, psychological, and social traits typically associated with females.

Question 5

Catherine was born with ovaries, but her clitoris is quite large (resembling a penis) and has an empty scrotal sac. She will most likely be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Catherine's symptoms suggest Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a condition that can lead to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as an enlarged clitoris.

Question 6

Support for the notion that brain lateralization might be linked to gender differences is found in evidence that

Accepted Answer

Each of the statements provided (A, B, C) supports the notion that there might be a link between brain lateralization and gender differences, indicating that the patterns of brain activity and the effects of brain damage can vary between males and females, suggesting different patterns of brain lateralization between genders.

Question 7

The case of David, the identical twin boy who was raised as a girl because of a surgical accident to his penis at age 7 months, provides support for

Accepted Answer

David's case supports the role of biology in determining sexual orientation and sex-typed behavior, as despite being raised as a girl, he identified and behaved in ways consistent with his biological sex.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the information in your text about the differential treatment of boys and girls?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because research and observations often indicate that boys tend to receive more negative attention and are disciplined more harshly compared to girls in educational settings. This contradicts the statement that girls receive more disapproval and scolding from teachers than boys.

Question 9

Mrs. O'Neill wants to make a conscious effort to treat the students in her science classes equitably. She should thus be aware that

Accepted Answer

Teachers often criticize male students more often than female students, which is a pattern of interaction that can affect equitable treatment in the classroom. Being aware of this can help Mrs. O'Neill adjust her approach to ensure fairness.

Question 10

Now that more attention is being paid to the extent to which girls might be discouraged in stereotypically male domains like math and science, a growing concern is that schools are failing to address

Accepted Answer

There is a growing concern that while efforts are being made to encourage girls in male-dominated fields, schools may be neglecting boys' reading achievement, which is an area where boys often lag behind.

Question 11

Investigations of parent-infant interaction suggest that

Accepted Answer

Research on parent-infant interactions has shown that boys tend to receive more physical stimulation, mothers often vocalize more to their daughters than their sons, and parents generally avoid giving their children toys that are stereotypically associated with the opposite sex. These behaviors reflect broader societal norms and expectations regarding gender roles and are observed across various cultures.

Question 12

In which of the following families would children be more likely to develop rigid gender stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children from diverse family structures, including those with same-sex parents, alternative living arrangements, or where the father is the primary caregiver, do not necessarily develop more rigid gender stereotypes. In fact, exposure to diverse family roles can lead to more flexible understandings of gender roles.

Question 13

Preference for same-sex toys appears

Accepted Answer

Preference for same-sex toys typically emerges between age one and two years, as children start to develop gender identity and preferences influenced by socialization and possibly innate factors.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the socialization of sex-typed behaviour after age 2 is true?

Accepted Answer

After age 2, society generally imposes stricter norms on boys regarding gender-appropriate behaviors, discouraging them more from engaging in activities traditionally associated with the opposite sex. This results in a more restricted range of gender-appropriate behaviors for boys compared to girls.

Question 15

What of the following is true of the way that parents play with their children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What of the following is true of...

Question 16

Comparisons of the behaviours and attitudes of mothers and fathers toward the gender-role development of their children suggest

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that mothers often treat their sons and daughters more similarly, focusing less on traditional gender roles, while fathers tend to emphasize traditional gender roles more, showing concern for their sons to be "masculine" and their daughters to be "feminine."

Question 17

A couple who just had their first child, a boy, is shopping for some toys. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fathers are more likely to choose stereotypically "boy" toys like trucks, cars, and toy soldiers for their sons.

Question 18

Which of the following statements would you expect a parent to say about her/his daughter?

Accepted Answer

Parents often attribute their children's success in activities like sports to hard work and effort, which aligns with the statement about the daughter being an excellent athlete due to her hard work.

Question 19

Parents' gender-typed expectations regarding children's abilities and interests contributes to children's gender-role development by

Accepted Answer

Parents' gender-typed expectations can lead to different opportunities for skill development and influence children's sense of competence in various domains, both of which contribute to gender-role development.

Question 20

"Cooties" have to do with

Accepted Answer

"Cooties" are part of a childhood concept where children, often without adult intervention, engage in gender segregation. This idea typically emerges naturally among children as they navigate social interactions and form their own social rules and groups.

Quiz 16: Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences