Question 1

Which of the following was a key finding in the Hawthorne studies?
A) Stronger lighting increased productivity.
B) More money resulted in increased productivity.
C) Productivity declined in all experiments.
D) Higher temperatures reduced productivity.
E) Human relations increased productivity.

Accepted Answer

The key finding of the Hawthorne studies was that the productivity of workers was affected by their social and psychological factors, such as feeling valued and part of a team. This finding led to the development of the human relations approach to management. Choices A, B, C, and D are all incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the findings of the Hawthorne studies.

Question 2

A social group within an organization is part of the:
A) formal organizational structure.
B) informal organization.
C) scalar chain.
D) reorganization process.
E) top management level.

Accepted Answer

A social group within an organization is not a part of the formal organizational structure, but rather an informal network that exists within the organization. Informal organizations can include groups based on common interests or backgrounds, as well as networks of communication that exist outside of the formal hierarchy. The scalar chain refers to the formal chain of command within an organization, and the reorganization process is a management initiative to change the formal structure. The top management level refers to the highest level of the formal structure, which is not relevant to the presence of a social group within the informal organization.

Question 3

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with which of following needs?
A) Esteem
B) Self-actualization
C) Safety
D) Physiological
E) Belongingness

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with physiological needs which include the basic needs of human survival like food, air, water, and shelter.

Question 4

The findings provided by the Hawthorne studies provided the impetus for __________, despite flawed methodology or inaccurate conclusions.
A) the classical perspective
B) the human relations movement
C) scientific management
D) the bureaucratic organizations approach
E) systems thinking

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies were a key factor in the development of the human relations movement, which emphasized the importance of social factors and employee satisfaction in increasing productivity. While there were flaws in the methodology of the studies, their impact on organizational theory and practice cannot be denied.

Question 5

According to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management was based on __________ assumptions about workers.
A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) Theory A
E) realistic

Accepted Answer

Douglas McGregor proposed Theory X and Theory Y to describe two different sets of assumptions that managers have about their employees in the workplace. Theory X assumes that workers are inherently lazy and must be coerced, controlled, and directed to achieve goals. This view of human behavior is consistent with the classical perspective on management, which assumed that workers were passive and uninterested in organizational goals. Therefore, the best answer is A as it represents the assumptions made in the classical perspective on management.

Question 6

A "dairy farm" view of management (i.e., just as contented cows give more milk, satisfied workers will produce more work) was espoused by:
A) the human relations movement.
B) the human resources perspective.
C) the behavioral sciences approach.
D) management science.
E) none of these.

Accepted Answer

The dairy farm view of management, where contented cows give more milk so satisfied workers will produce more work, falls under the human relations movement of management theory. This approach emphasizes the importance of social factors and relationships in the workplace as a means to improve productivity and employee satisfaction.

Question 7

Chester Bernard felt that __________ could help a poorly managed organization.
A) bureaucracy
B) line managers
C) efficiencies
D) informal relationships
E) top-down flow of information

Accepted Answer

Chester Bernard believed that informal relationships within an organization could help improve a poorly managed organization. This includes the relationships between employees, as well as between employees and management. Bernard believed that informal social interactions among employees could help foster a sense of community within an organization, leading to increased motivation and productivity. Additionally, he emphasized the importance of management being able to effectively communicate with employees, and to study and understand the informal communication networks within the organization.

Question 8

Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of __________, rather than techniques.
A) systems
B) top managers
C) people
D) efficiencies
E) floor managers

Accepted Answer

Mary Parker Follett emphasized the importance of people and their relationships in leadership, rather than focusing solely on techniques or efficiencies. She believed in collaborative and integrative approaches to leadership that involved empowering individuals and enhancing communication and cooperation within organizations.

Question 9

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by:
A) Douglas McGregor.
B) Henry Gantt.
C) Max Weber.
D) Mary Parker Follett.
E) Frank Gilbreth.

Accepted Answer

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by Douglas McGregor in his book "The Human Side of Enterprise" in 1960.

Question 10

The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence of the classical perspective known as:
A) unity of command.
B) division of work.
C) unity of direction.
D) scalar chain.
E) adequate manpower.

Accepted Answer

Unity of direction is a management principle that suggests activities with similar objectives should be directed by one manager using one plan. This ensures that efforts are aligned and contributes to the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.

Question 11

A significant contribution of Chester Barnard was the concept of:
A) bureaucracy.
B) the informal organization.
C) organization development.
D) scientific management.
E) the traditional theory of authority.

Accepted Answer

Chester Barnard's significant contribution was the concept of the informal organization, which refers to the unspoken, unwritten relationships and patterns of communication that develop within an organization. He believed that the informal organization played a crucial role in the success or failure of an organization, and that managers needed to understand and work with the informal organization in order to achieve their goals.

Question 12

Tommy believes his employees are responsible, creative, and able to work with minimal direction. He is a __________ manager.
A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) Theory A
E) tradtionalist

Accepted Answer

Tommy's belief that his employees are responsible, creative, and able to work with minimal direction aligns with the assumptions of Theory Y, which proposes that individuals are self-motivated, seek out challenges, and are capable of taking responsibility. Theory X assumes that individuals dislike work, lack ambition, and require constant supervision, which is not consistent with Tommy's beliefs. Theory Z and Theory A are not relevant to this situation, and traditionalist is not a management theory.

Question 13

The human resources perspective of management combines motivation theories with:
A) top management.
B) design of job tasks.
C) floor managers.
D) efficiencies.
E) profit maximization.

Accepted Answer

The human resources perspective of management involves designing job tasks that are meaningful and provide employees with the opportunity to use their skills and abilities to their fullest potential. This perspective also emphasizes the need to motivate employees to improve performance and achieve organizational goals. Motivation theories and job design go hand in hand in achieving these objectives. Top management, floor managers, efficiencies, and profit maximization are important aspects of management, but they are not directly related to the human resources perspective of management.

Question 14

Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work principles. These are part of which management philosophy?
A) Administrative principles approach
B) Bureaucratic organizations approach
C) Scientific management
D) Humanistic resources perspective
E) Behavioral sciences approach

Accepted Answer

The principles of unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work are part of the administrative principles approach to management. This approach focuses on the study of management as a distinct function and emphasizes the need for a formalized administrative structure within an organization.

Question 15

The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of effort is consistent with Fayol's general management principle of:
A) unity of command.
B) unity of direction.
C) scalar chain.
D) division of work.
E) adequate manpower.

Accepted Answer

Division of work is one of Fayol's 14 general management principles, which emphasizes the benefits of specialization in increasing efficiency and productivity. This principle suggests breaking down tasks into smaller, specialized parts, so that each individual can focus on a specific skill or task, leading to higher output and quality of work.

Question 16

Beth Brant, production supervisor at Trustworthy Tools Mfg., Inc. believes that her employees dislike work, avoid responsibility, and therefore need to be controlled and directed. Beth is a __________ manager.
A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) realistic
D) Theory Z
E) Theory J

Accepted Answer

Beth Brant's belief that her employees dislike work and avoid responsibility aligns with the assumptions made by Theory X managers. Theory X managers believe that employees have an inherent dislike for work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed in order to achieve organizational goals.

Question 17

__________ refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the organization and including every employee.
A) Unity of command
B) Division of labor
C) Unity of direction
D) The scalar chain
E) Adequate manpower

Accepted Answer

The scalar chain is the chain of authority extending from top to bottom of the organization and including every employee. The principle of scalar chain is important because it ensures that orders and communications flow smoothly and efficiently within the organization.

Question 18

Forestville Freeze is regionally known for its employee training programs. Managers at Freeze conduct research to determine the best candidate interviewing techniques. This involves the use of:
A) the administrative principles approach.
B) the bureaucratic organizations approach.
C) the behavioral sciences approach.
D) the human resources perspective.
E) scientific management.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral sciences approach is used here because it involves research into human behavior to improve employee relations and interactions, such as determining the best candidate interviewing techniques.

Question 19

The behavioral sciences approach is based on which of the following disciplines?
A) Anthropology
B) Economics
C) Sociology
D) Psychology
E) All of these

Accepted Answer

The behavioral sciences approach is an interdisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge and methods from anthropology, economics, sociology, psychology, and other related disciplines to understand human behavior and decision-making. Therefore, the correct answer is E, all of these.

Question 20

Organization development is one specific set of management techniques based in:
A) management science.
B) systems thinking.
C) the behavioral sciences approach.
D) scientific management.
E) the administrative principles approach.

Accepted Answer

Organization development is primarily based on the behavioral sciences approach, which includes psychology, sociology, and anthropology. This approach focuses on understanding human behavior in organizations to improve organizational performance and individual development.

Quiz 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Which of the following was a key finding in the Hawthorne studies?

A social group within an organization is part of the:

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with which of following needs?

The findings provided by the Hawthorne studies provided the impetus for __________, despite flawed methodology or inaccurate conclusions.

According to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management was based on __________ assumptions about workers.

A "dairy farm" view of management (i.e., just as contented cows give more milk, satisfied workers will produce more work) was espoused by:

Chester Bernard felt that __________ could help a poorly managed organization.

Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of __________, rather than techniques.

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by:

The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence of the classical perspective known as:

A significant contribution of Chester Barnard was the concept of:

Tommy believes his employees are responsible, creative, and able to work with minimal direction. He is a __________ manager.

The human resources perspective of management combines motivation theories with:

Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work principles. These are part of which management philosophy?

The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of effort is consistent with Fayol's general management principle of:

Beth Brant, production supervisor at Trustworthy Tools Mfg., Inc. believes that her employees dislike work, avoid responsibility, and therefore need to be controlled and directed. Beth is a __________ manager.

__________ refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the organization and including every employee.

Forestville Freeze is regionally known for its employee training programs. Managers at Freeze conduct research to determine the best candidate interviewing techniques. This involves the use of:

The behavioral sciences approach is based on which of the following disciplines?

Organization development is one specific set of management techniques based in: