Question 1

In what order does attachment develop?

Accepted Answer

Attachment develops in the order of nonfocused orienting and signaling, focus on one or more figures, secure base behavior, and finally the internal model.

Question 2

Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety appear in which phase of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety typically appear during Phase 3: Secure base behavior, when infants use their primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the world.

Question 3

Which behaviors appear once the child has developed a clear attachment in phase 3?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety are behaviors that typically emerge once a child has developed a clear attachment to their caregiver, indicating a strong emotional bond.

Question 4

Where have both separation anxiety and stranger anxiety been observed?

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety and stranger anxiety are universal phenomena observed in children across different cultures and care settings, not limited to specific environments or parenting styles.

Question 5

One-year-old John clung to his mother and cried the entire time that she talked to her coworker in the mall. What was John demonstrating by his behavior?

Accepted Answer

John's behavior is indicative of stranger anxiety, which is common in infants around this age when they are wary of unfamiliar people.

Question 6

When Jenna's father leaves her off at day care every morning she cries for about a half hour.Which attachment behavior is Jenna demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Jenna is demonstrating separation anxiety, which is a common attachment behavior where a child becomes distressed when separated from a primary caregiver.

Question 7

Abby watches as her mother jumps onto the kitchen chair and screams, pointing to a spider on the floor. What is Abby demonstrating by watching her mother's reaction to new situations?

Accepted Answer

Abby is demonstrating social referencing, which is when individuals look to others to gauge how to react in new or uncertain situations.

Question 8

What can social referencing help a child to do?

Accepted Answer

Social referencing helps a child regulate their own emotions by looking to caregivers for cues on how to react in uncertain situations.

Question 9

If Dad greets a stranger at the front door with enthusiasm, 11-month-old Michael is likely to do the same, demonstrating which attachment behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social referencing is when infants look to caregivers for cues on how to react to unfamiliar situations or people, as Michael does by imitating his dad's enthusiastic greeting.

Question 10

Dr. Murphy examines 1-year-old Rosa while she is in her mother's arms. What did Harlow's research show that would cause Dr. Murphy to encourage this rather than placing Rosa on an examining table?

Accepted Answer

Harlow's research demonstrated that infants derive comfort and security from physical contact with their caregivers, which can reduce stress during potentially distressing situations like medical examinations.

Question 11

What can the Strange Situation assess in an infant and toddler between the ages of twelve and eighteen months?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can the Strange Situation assess in...

Question 12

In which category of attachment does the infant avoid contact with the mother, showing no preference for the parent over other people.

Accepted Answer

Insecure/avoidant attachment is characterized by infants avoiding contact with their mother and showing no preference for the parent over strangers.

Question 13

Maria is left alone by her mother in the experiment known as the Strange Situation. She attempts to follow her mother but is blocked by the closed door. She falls to the ground crying and screaming loudly and does not play with any of the toys in the room. When her mother returns, attempting to comfort and soothe her, she pushes her away and continues to cry.
Which style of attachment is Maria demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Maria's behavior of being distressed when her mother leaves and refusing comfort upon her return is indicative of insecure ambivalent attachment.

Question 14

When Emerson is left off at day care every morning he cries for a very long time for his mother. This distress at separation has proven to his day care teachers that Emerson has which form of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Crying at separation alone is not sufficient to accurately assess the form of attachment, as it could be indicative of various attachment styles or other factors.

Question 15

What has been the most common pattern of attachment in the many different countries where the Strange Situation has been conducted?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is the most common pattern observed across various cultures in studies using the Strange Situation, indicating a universal trend in attachment behavior.

Question 16

By what age does attachment become more a property of the child rather than of the individuals he relates to, and thus more resistant to change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of By what age does attachment become more...

Question 17

What is the most important parenting characteristic in establishing a secure attachment with a child?

Accepted Answer

Emotional responsiveness is crucial for establishing a secure attachment, as it involves being attuned to the child's needs and emotions, fostering a sense of safety and trust.

Question 18

What is a common characteristic in all types of insecure attachment?

Accepted Answer

Insecure attachment is often characterized by low levels of parental responsiveness, where the caregiver does not consistently meet the child's emotional needs.

Question 19

Under which circumstance is a child likely to show a disorganized/disoriented pattern of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Disorganized/disoriented attachment often occurs in children who have experienced abuse, as it leads to confusion and fear in their relationship with the caregiver.

Question 20

Under which circumstance would a child show an ambivalent pattern of attachment?

Accepted Answer

An ambivalent attachment pattern often develops when a parent is inconsistent in responding to a child's needs, leading the child to be uncertain about the parent's availability and responsiveness.

Quiz 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood