Question 1

Which of the following is the formula for the behavioral intentions model?
A) $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) + w _ { 2 } ( S N )$
B) $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) - w _ { 2 } ( S N )$
C) $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) \times w _ { 2 } ( S N )$
D) $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) \div w _ { 2 } ( S N )$
E) $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } + \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) + w _ { 2 } + ( S N )$

Accepted Answer

The formula for the behavioral intentions model is $B \approx B I = w _ { 1 } \left( A _ { \text {behavior } } \right) + w _ { 2 } ( S N )$.

Question 2

William is planning a vacation to Europe.He looks for travel packages that provide accommodation and travel facilities.He finds two packages that provide these criteria.He gives package 1 belief ratings of 8 and 7 respectively,and package 2 belief ratings of 9 and 5 respectively.Next,he gives these criteria evaluative ratings of 3 and 2 respectively.Finally,he calculates the overall attitude using the attitude-toward-object model and chooses package 1 over package 2 based on the score.Which of the following is the overall attitude score of package 1?
A)37
B)75
C)15
D)14
E)38

Accepted Answer

To calculate the overall attitude score using the attitude-toward-object model, we need to multiply the belief ratings by the evaluative ratings and sum them up for each package.

For package 1:

Overall attitude score = (8*3) + (7*2) = 24 + 14 = 38

For package 2:

Overall attitude score = (9*3) + (5*2) = 27 + 10 = 37

Therefore, the overall attitude score of package 1 is 38.

The best choice is package 1, as it has a higher overall attitude score compared to package 2.

Question 3

The ego-defensive function of consumer attitudes:
A)is based on the concept of reward and punishment.
B)makes a consumer vulnerable to information that may be threatening.
C)enables a consumer to express his or her core values,self-concept,and beliefs to others.
D)allows consumers to simplify decision-making processes.
E)works as a protection mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The ego-defensive function of consumer attitudes works as a protection mechanism to defend the self from external threats. It allows consumers to justify their purchases and defend them against criticism or negative feedback. Therefore, the best choice for this question is E, which reflects this function. The other choices do not accurately reflect the ego-defensive function of consumer attitudes.

Question 4

Michelle wants to buy a new laptop.She wants it to be light weight and have a larger battery backup.She chooses five models on the Internet.The belief ratings for each of the models are as follows:
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | c| } 
\hline& \text { Model A } & \text { Madel B } & \text { Model C } & \text { Model D } & \text { Madel E } \
\hline \text { Light Weight } & \text { 8 } & 9 & 2 & 10 & 4 \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Large Battery } \
\text { Backup }
\end{array} & 7 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 10 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
She gives these criteria evaluative ratings of 3 and 2 respectively.Using the attitude-toward-the-object model,which of the following models would Michelle purchase based on the highest overall attitude score for the model?
A)Model D
B)Model A
C)Model C
D)Model E
E)Model B

Accepted Answer

Model D has the highest overall attitude score of 15 (10 for light weight + 5 for large battery backup).

Question 5

_____ refers to the extent to which a company actively monitors its customers' attitudes over time.
A)Marketing audit
B)Affect monitoring
C)Attitude tracking
D)Planned monitoring
E)Proactive assessment

Accepted Answer

Attitude tracking refers to the practice of continuously monitoring customers' attitudes over a period of time. This includes tracking changes in customer perception of the brand, its products or services, and overall satisfaction. The purpose of attitude tracking is to understand how customers perceive a company and its offerings, and to identify areas for improvement.

Question 6

Ryan Moore has a "Free Tibet" bumper sticker on his car because he feels strongly about the Tibetan Independence movement and supports the cause.Which of the following refers to a function of attitudes represented in this instance?
A)Utilitarian function
B)Reinforcement function
C)Knowledge function
D)Value-expressive function
E)Ego-defensive function

Accepted Answer

The value-expressive function refers to the function of attitudes that express a person's values and self-concept. In this case, Ryan Moore's bumper sticker expressing support for the Tibetan Independence movement is an example of the value-expressive function.

Question 7

Which of the following is the formula for predicting attitudes using the attitude-toward-the-object model?
 
A) 
B)$A _ { 0 } = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } \left( b _ { i } \right) \div \left( e _ { i } \right)$ 
C)$A _ { 0 } = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } \left( b _ { i } \right) \left( e _ { i } \right)$ 
D)$A _ { 0 } = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } \left( b _ { i } \right) - \left( e _ { i } \right)$ 
E)$A _ { 0 } = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } i - \left( b _ { i } \right) \left( e _ { i } \right)$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the formula...

Question 8

According to the functional theory of attitudes,the _____ function of consumer attitudes enables a consumer to protect him- or herself from information that may be threatening.
A)utilitarian function
B)value-expressive function
C)ego-defensive function
D)hedonic function
E)cognitive function

Accepted Answer

According to the functional theory of attitudes, the ego-defensive function of attitudes allows consumers to protect themselves from information that may be threatening. This can involve rejecting information that conflicts with one's beliefs or attitudes, or simply avoiding information that is uncomfortable or anxiety-inducing.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the attitude-behavior relationship?
A)As the length of time between attitude measurement and overt behavior grows,the predictive ability of attitudinal models increases.
B)The specificity with which attitudes are measured has an impact on accuracy.
C)When consumers feel rushed,decision making is stalled.
D)Strong environmental pressures have no effect on consumers while they perform intended behaviors.
E)Attitude-behavior models tend to perform very well in impulse-buying situations.

Accepted Answer

The specificity with which attitudes are measured has an impact on accuracy. Research has shown that attitudes measured with more specific questions have a higher level of accuracy in predicting behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following instances refers to experiential hierarchy?
A)Aaron wants to purchase a new car for his family.Since he wouldn't be the only one driving it,he involves his family in the purchase decision.They discuss different brands,product features,maintenance issues,mileage,and so on.Finally,they decide on one particular model and Aaron places an order for that car.
B)Eva is spending her weekend in New York City with her friends.They decide to explore the city and window-shop at some exclusive designer outlets.Even though Eva had no intentions to shop,she sees a beautiful designer bag on sale and instantly buys it as she finds it extremely hard to resist.
C)Kylie has been asked by her mother to go buy groceries for the week.Kylie visits the supermarket and picks up the same items that her mother normally purchases.
D)Jack is the owner of a cafe in Texas.His cafe has the ambience of the Wild West with pictures of horses and cowboys on the walls.The waiters are also dressed in cowboy outfits.Jack feels that people love hanging out in his cafe as they enjoy the unique ambience and service.
E)Brian is the owner of an Italian restaurant in Ohio.His restaurant plays soft,soothing music in the background as he feels that such music makes people feel relaxed and order more drinks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following instances refers to...

Question 11

Nathan is a chain smoker who habitually discounts the negative consequences of smoking.This is an example of the _____ function of attitudes.
A)ego-defensive
B)cognitive
C)utilitarian
D)value-expressive
E)knowledge

Accepted Answer

The ego-defensive function of attitudes refers to how attitudes can protect individuals from their own unpleasant emotions or realities. In this case, Nathan may downplay the negative consequences of smoking in order to protect himself from the anxiety or guilt he would feel if he acknowledged the harm he is causing himself.

Question 12

The value-expressive function of attitudes:
A)allows consumers to simplify their decision-making processes.
B)enables a consumer to express his or her core values,self-concept,and beliefs to others.
C)works as a defense mechanism for consumers to avoid facts or defend themselves from their own low self-concept.
D)compensates for a general feeling of being out-of-shape,thereby protecting the ego and self-image.
E)provides a negative expression of the type of person a consumer perceives himself or herself to be and the values that they hold.

Accepted Answer

The value-expressive function of attitudes allows consumers to express their core values, self-concept, and beliefs to others. It is a way for individuals to convey a certain image or message about themselves to others through the products or brands they consume.

Question 13

Justin wants to buy a new smartphone.He did a lot of research over the Internet and identified four attributes that he would rate his smartphone options on.He considered low price,sensitivity to touch,low weight,and compatibility with apps,as the attributes.He used a ten-point scale to rate how he thought each of his options would perform or how likely was it that the phones had those attributes.Next,he used a -3 to +3 scale to rate how he felt about these attributes.Finally,he opted for one particular model based on the highest overall attitude score.Which model did Justin implement?
A)The balance model
B)The elaboration likelihood model
C)The behavioral intention model
D)The changing schema-based affect model
E)The attitude-toward-the-object model

Accepted Answer

Justin used the attitude-toward-the-object model to evaluate his smartphone options. He rated them on four attributes and assigned a score on how likely each phone was to possess these attributes. He then used a -3 to +3 scale to reflect his attitude towards these attributes. Finally, he opted for the model with the highest overall attitude score.

Question 14

The _____,sometimes referred to as the theory of reasoned action,explicitly focuses on the consumer's attitude toward the behavior of buying rather than the attitude toward the object.
A)ATO model
B)hierarchical model
C)balance theory model
D)elaboration likelihood model
E)behavioral intentions model

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____,sometimes referred to as the theory...

Question 15

Caroline wants to do her Bachelors in Medicine but is confused about which schools to apply to.She considers her family and friends' advice regarding the best schools to study medicine.They convince her that she must apply at the top-ranked medical schools.But she believes that her parents,both doctors,want her to study in the same school they had studied in,so she considers it as well.In addition to this,she also wishes to study in the same medical school as her best friend.In this scenario,Caroline's focus is on what other people think she should do in addition to her own attitude toward specific schools.Which of the following refers to a consumer attitude model that is best applicable in this instance?
A)Attitude-toward-the-object model
B)Changing schema-based affect
C)Social judgment model
D)Behavioral intentions model
E)Elaboration likelihood model

Accepted Answer

The answer of Caroline wants to do her Bachelors in...

Question 16

Ken Rogers wants to purchase a new computer for his daughter.In order to make this purchase,he carefully collects information about the latest models in the market,their features,and prices.He plans to make the actual purchase only after extensively researching and evaluating the various models available in the market.According to the hierarchy of effects approach to attitudes,which of the following best describes Ken's actions?
A)Behavioral influence
B)High involvement
C)Low involvement
D)Hedonic
E)Experiential

Accepted Answer

Ken's careful collection of information and extensive research indicates a high level of involvement in the purchase process, as he is investing significant time and effort into making the best decision. The hierarchy of effects approach suggests that attitudes are formed through a series of steps, with high involvement purchases involving extensive information search and evaluation before a decision is made.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains impulse purchases?
A)High-involvement hierarchy
B)Low-involvement hierarchy
C)Experiential perspective
D)Behavioral influence
E)Reinforcement perspective

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best explains impulse...

Question 18

The ATO approach is known as the _____,which indicates that attitudes are formed holistically across a number of attributes,with poor ratings on one attribute being compensated for by higher ratings on another attribute.
A)holistic model
B)single-attribute model
C)compensatory model
D)hierarchical model
E)subjective model

Accepted Answer

The ATO (Attitude-Toward-Object) approach is known as the compensatory model. This means that attitudes are formed holistically across a number of attributes, with poor ratings on one attribute being compensated for by higher ratings on another attribute. Therefore, the overall evaluation of the object is based on the weighted combination of its attributes.

Question 19

Which of the following refers to an approach that suggests that the three components of attitudes may be formed in a sequential pattern?
A)Sequential approach
B)Hierarchy of effects approach
C)Spiral model approach
D)Waterfall model approach
E)Incremental build model approach

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy of effects approach suggests that attitudes are formed in a sequential pattern with three components: cognitive (knowledge and beliefs), affective (feelings and emotions), and behavioral (actions and intentions).

Question 20

Which of the following expands upon the behavioral intentions model by including a perceived control component that assesses the difficulty involved in performing the behavior and the extent to which the consumer perceives that he or she is in control of the product selection?
A)Theory of planned action
B)Theory of self-efficacy
C)Balance theory
D)Elaboration likelihood theory
E)Social judgment theory

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned action expands upon the behavioral intentions model by including a perceived control component that assesses the difficulty involved in performing the behavior and the extent to which the consumer perceives that he or she is in control of the product selection.

Quiz 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change

Which of the following is the formula for the behavioral intentions model?

The ego-defensive function of consumer attitudes:

_____ refers to the extent to which a company actively monitors its customers' attitudes over time.

Ryan Moore has a "Free Tibet" bumper sticker on his car because he feels strongly about the Tibetan Independence movement and supports the cause.Which of the following refers to a function of attitudes represented in this instance?

Which of the following is the formula for predicting attitudes using the attitude-toward-the-object model?

According to the functional theory of attitudes,the _____ function of consumer attitudes enables a consumer to protect him- or herself from information that may be threatening.

Which of the following is true about the attitude-behavior relationship?

Which of the following instances refers to experiential hierarchy?

Nathan is a chain smoker who habitually discounts the negative consequences of smoking.This is an example of the _____ function of attitudes.

The value-expressive function of attitudes:

The _____,sometimes referred to as the theory of reasoned action,explicitly focuses on the consumer's attitude toward the behavior of buying rather than the attitude toward the object.

Which of the following best explains impulse purchases?

The ATO approach is known as the _____,which indicates that attitudes are formed holistically across a number of attributes,with poor ratings on one attribute being compensated for by higher ratings on another attribute.

Which of the following refers to an approach that suggests that the three components of attitudes may be formed in a sequential pattern?

Which of the following expands upon the behavioral intentions model by including a perceived control component that assesses the difficulty involved in performing the behavior and the extent to which the consumer perceives that he or she is in control of the product selection?