Question 1

The ________ nervous system stimulates the arrector pili muscles and gives you "goosebumps."

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which includes stimulating the arrector pili muscles and causing goosebumps. The other options are not involved in this specific response.

Question 2

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
 
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "1."

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled "1" is the preganglionic neuron, which carries signals from the central nervous system to the ganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system pathway.

Question 3

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
 
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the round structure labeled "3."

Accepted Answer

The round structure labeled "3" is a chain ganglion, which is a group of cell bodies of sympathetic neurons located outside the spinal cord.

Question 4

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

Accepted Answer

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are called chromaffin cells, and they are found within the adrenal medullae. The other options all refer to ganglia within the sympathetic nervous system, but they do not contain chromaffin cells.

Question 5

The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.

Accepted Answer

The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are located outside the vertebral column and are not arranged in a chain-like pattern like the sympathetic ganglia. Instead, they are collateral ganglia, located close to the target organs they innervate.

Question 6

Postganglionic axons usually are

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic axons are generally unmyelinated, unlike preganglionic fibers.

Question 7

Autonomic disorders would not cause

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions in the body, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. It does not directly control skeletal muscle function, which is primarily governed by the somatic nervous system.

Question 8

Which of the following is not innervated by the celiac ganglia?

Accepted Answer

The bladder is innervated by the inferior hypogastric plexus, not the celiac ganglia. The celiac ganglia primarily innervate organs in the upper abdomen, such as the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas.

Question 9

Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the splanchnic nerves. The celiac ganglia and inferior mesenteric ganglia are examples of collateral ganglia that are innervated by splanchnic nerves. The adrenal medulla is not a ganglion and is not innervated by preganglionic fibers. The sympathetic chain ganglia are not collateral ganglia but are part of the paravertebral ganglia.

Question 10

As the result of an accident, the white rami communicantes of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect to be affected by this injury?

Accepted Answer

The white rami communicantes of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of the body contain sympathetic fibers that innervate the heart and the dilator pupillae muscle of the left eye. Severing these fibers would result in loss of sympathetic innervation to these organs, leading to constriction of the left pupil and decreased heart rate.

Question 11

Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?

Accepted Answer

Collateral ganglia are part of the sympathetic nervous system and contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in the abdominopelvic cavity, which includes both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Question 12

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
 
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "4."

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled "4" is the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nerve, which are responsible for transmitting signals from the ganglia to the target organs.

Question 13

The adrenal medullae secrete

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medullae secrete both epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline). These hormones are important for the "fight or flight" response, helping to increase heart rate and blood pressure, dilate airways, and increase glucose release from the liver.

Question 14

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

Accepted Answer

The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Stimulation of this ganglion would lead to the conversion of liver glycogen reserves into glucose to provide energy for the body.

Question 15

Sympathetic nerves

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nerves contain short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers.

Question 16

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body wouldinterfere with the ability to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damage to the ventral roots of the...

Question 17

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers typically increase heart rate through the release of norepinephrine. Therefore, decreased heart rate is not associated with their action.

Question 18

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

Accepted Answer

Collateral ganglia are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as digestion. Damage to neurons in a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the digestive tract.

Question 19

Splanchnic nerves

Accepted Answer

Splanchnic nerves innervate the viscera or internal organs.

Question 20

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

Accepted Answer

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Quiz 16: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions