Question 1

Carol Howes argued that play promotes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Carol Howes did not argue that play promotes independence; instead, she focused on social skills like communication, compromise, and emotional sensitivity.

Question 2

Play for children in the United states teaches them to

Accepted Answer

Play for children in the United States often emphasizes individualism and personal achievement, reflecting broader cultural values that prioritize asserting one's individual identity.

Question 3

What behavior pattern is most likely to predict a child being rejected by peers?

Accepted Answer

Children who exhibit pushy and self-serving behaviors are more likely to be rejected by their peers because these behaviors can be perceived as aggressive or domineering, making it difficult for them to form positive social connections.

Question 4

Heterosexual crowds

Accepted Answer

Heterosexual crowds become more common during mid to late adolescence as individuals begin to explore and establish their sexual identities and relationships.

Question 5

True peer groups among children first emerge during

Accepted Answer

According to research, true peer groups that are based on friendships and mutual interests tend to emerge during middle childhood, around the ages of 6-12 years old. Prior to this stage, children may engage in parallel play or play with others based on proximity, but they may not have formed close friendships or peer groups yet. Adolescence may also see changes in peer groups as social hierarchies and cliques may form, but the initial emergence of true peer groups tends to occur during middle childhood.

Question 6

Which type of play is a Korean preschooler most likely to be seen doing?

Accepted Answer

According to research, Korean preschoolers are more likely to engage in play that simulates daily life activities, such as playing house, rather than play that involves fantasy or imaginative themes.

Question 7

At a video arcade, children without money quietly observe those who do while they play video games. The observers engage in

Accepted Answer

Onlooker play is a type of play in which children simply watch others play, without actively participating themselves. In the given scenario, children without money are simply observing those who do have money play video games, making it an example of onlooker play.

Question 8

Relative to cliques, adolescent crowds are

Accepted Answer

Adolescent crowds are larger and more loosely organized than cliques. Cliques are smaller, more exclusive, and have stricter membership criteria. Crowds are composed of individuals who share similar characteristics or interests but do not necessarily associate with each other on a regular basis. They are typically less structured and more fluid than cliques. None of the other options accurately describe adolescent crowds.

Question 9

Which two peer relations terms are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

Peer acceptance and popularity are intimately related as popularity is considered an aspect of peer acceptance. Peer acceptance is a broader term that encompasses other aspects such as likability and social skills, while popularity pertains specifically to the number of friends a child has and their place in the social hierarchy.

Question 10

It can be hard for an early teenage newcomer to make friends on first arrival because

Accepted Answer

Cliques have already been formed, making it difficult for new teenagers to find a place to fit in.

Question 11

____ children tend not to be noticed, but ____ children arouse widely varying feelings in others.

Accepted Answer

The first blank refers to children who are not noticed, which would be neglected children. The second blank refers to children who elicit different emotions from others, which would be controversial children. The other answer choices do not create the same antithesis or contrast in meanings as neglected/controversial.

Question 12

Nine-month-old Censari is "playing with" her 10-month-old friend Ellie. Each of the girls is playing with brightly colored blocks in the same room but don't even notice what the other is doing. These two girls are displaying

Accepted Answer

The girls are engaging in parallel play, which occurs when children play near each other but do not interact or communicate with each other. They are playing independently but are in the same space.

Question 13

When doing ____ play, children help each other achieve their shared goals.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative play is the type of play where children work together to achieve a common goal, helping each other along the way. This is in contrast to competitive play, where children strive to outdo each other, parallel play, where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, and associative play, where children interact and share materials but do not have a common goal in mind.

Question 14

Which sort of play in preschool LEAST suggests that a preschool child may be rejected by peers in the future?

Accepted Answer

Pretend, cooperative play involves sharing and taking turns, and encourages social skills such as communication and cooperation. This type of play is less likely to lead to rejection by peers in the future compared to enacting violent fantasy themes or angry, aggressive play. Active, functional solitary play is not necessarily harmful to social development, but it may not provide as many opportunities to develop social skills as cooperative play.

Question 15

Identify the correct sequence of social complexity for preschoolers' play, beginning with the simplest.

Accepted Answer

Parallel play is the simplest way of playing, where children play alongside each other but do not interact. Associative play is a step up, where children begin to interact with each other, but still do not have a shared goal. Cooperative play is the highest level of social complexity, where children work together towards a common goal. Therefore, the correct sequence is parallel play, associative play, and then cooperative play.

Question 16

Regarding peer acceptance, REJECTED CHILD is to NEGLECTED CHILD as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Rejected children are typically disliked and may be actively avoided or bullied by their peers, which can be likened to being hated. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often ignored by their peers, not necessarily disliked but simply not noticed or included.

Question 17

Which of these factors is known to be a good predictor of the child's later social competency with peers?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive complexity of play has been found to be a good predictor of a child's later social competency with peers. Children who engage in more complex play, such as cooperative play and imaginative play, tend to have better social skills and relationships with their peers. This is because these types of play require children to engage in social interactions, communicate effectively, and negotiate with others, which are all important skills for building positive relationships with peers.

Question 18

Tweedledom and Tweedledee, three-year-old twins, work side by side assembling building blocks, but they rarely ever talk. They are doing

Accepted Answer

Tweedledom and Tweedledee are engaged in parallel play as they are working side by side but not interacting with each other. They may be playing with similar toys or engaging in similar activities, but they are not yet at the stage of cooperative or associative play where they interact and communicate with each other during play.

Question 19

A ____ is a small group of close, same-sex friends who interact often.

Accepted Answer

A clique is a small social group of close friends who interact frequently and share common interests. The other options do not specifically refer to a close-knit group of friends. A club may include a broader range of individuals with varying degrees of closeness, a mutual stimulation social system is not a commonly used term, and a crowd refers to a large, often anonymous group of people.

Question 20

Peer groups are characterized by all of the following factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Peer groups are known for having established norms and expectations surrounding dress, behavior, and attitudes/beliefs. While there may be some level of individual expression within a peer group, there is not complete freedom of expression.

Quiz 15: The Context of Development