Question 1

The personality trait of need for cognition refers to the degree to which a person likes to think about things.

Accepted Answer

This is accurate. Need for cognition is a personality trait that reflects how much someone enjoys engaging in cognitive activities, such as thinking, analyzing, and problem-solving. People with a high need for cognition tend to enjoy intellectual challenges and pursue knowledge for its own sake, whereas those with a lower need for cognition may find such activities less stimulating or rewarding.

Question 2

Justin and Craig are both studying business at university and live on campus.Justin's room looks like a Fishing magazine showroom,with fishing trophies and lures on the wall and framed photos of fishing trips on his study desk.Craig's room features posters of his favourite musical group and stacks of CDs.It is most accurate to say that the difference between the two rooms reflects a difference in ________ between Justin and Craig.

Accepted Answer

The difference between the two rooms reflects a difference in lifestyle between Justin and Craig. Justin is interested in fishing and his room reflects his hobby while Craig is interested in music and his room reflects his passion.

Question 3

Linda named the car,which she drove to work every day,Sylvia.She talked to her friends about the personality traits her little car seemed to have.Linda has ________ her car.

Accepted Answer

Linda has attributed human characteristics (personality traits) to her car, which is anthropomorphizing. Branded refers to creating and promoting a distinctive name and image for a product or service. Archetyped means to assign a certain archetype or universal symbol to a product. Repositioned refers to changing the perception of a product in the minds of consumers. None of these choices fit what Linda has done with her car.

Question 4

Instead of spending the weekend working on the research paper due at the end of next week,Andrew decided to spend the weekend going out with friends.According to Freudian theory,which system dominated in Andrew's decision?

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, the id is the instinctual and primitive part of the personality that is focused on immediate gratification of desires and impulses. Andrew's decision to prioritize having fun with friends over working on a research paper suggests that his id dominated in the decision-making process.

Question 5

According to motivational research,when a woman wears long white gloves with her evening gown and then removes those gloves in front of her date,she most likely has which of the following motives?

Accepted Answer

The act of removing long white gloves in front of a date is often associated with an expression of sensuality and eroticism. Therefore, B (Eroticism) is the most likely motive behind this action, according to motivational research.

Question 6

Frank Simms has decided to use Yoda (the 'old wise man' from Star Wars)to promote a new model of a notebook computer.Upon which of the following psychologist's ideas has Frank based his advertising strategy?

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung's theory of archetypes suggests that there are universal, mythical characters that are present in the collective unconscious of all people. Yoda is an example of the archetype of the wise old man, which represents knowledge, guidance, and insight. By using Yoda to promote the notebook computer, Frank Simms is tapping into the universal appeal of this archetype and attempting to associate these qualities with the product.

Question 7

An individual with the personality trait of extroversion tends to be quiet and reserved.

Accepted Answer

This statement is the opposite of what extroversion actually means. People with extroverted personality traits tend to be outgoing, sociable, and enjoy being around other people.

Question 8

An advertisement emphasises that if a consumer uses a certain deodorant he or she will not offend other people and will not cause problems in the workplace because of bad body odour.Which part of the Freudian system is this ad appealing to?

Accepted Answer

This ad is appealing to the superego, which is responsible for moral values and societal norms. The ad suggests that using the deodorant will prevent the consumer from causing offense to others, which aligns with the expectations of the superego.

Question 9

Jeffrey Quills is seen by his friends as a somewhat strange person.At times he is lovable,warm and friendly.At other times he can be mean-spirited,uncaring and hostile to all who know him.Which of the following general statements about personality most closely matches what friends observe about Jeffrey?

Accepted Answer

The observation that Jeffrey's behavior varies greatly suggests that he does not exhibit a stable personality, which is consistent with the findings of many studies in personality psychology. Choices A, B, and D all present inaccurate or incomplete information about the current state of research on personality.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of anticonsumption behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Anticonsumption behavior involves actions that are against consumption or the use of products. Intentionally spreading a computer virus is an act that disrupts the use of technology, aligning with anticonsumption.

Question 11

Motivational research is based on the trait theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

Motivational research is based on the belief that motives are hidden and often unconscious, therefore it is not based on the trait theory of personality which focuses on stable characteristics of individuals.

Question 12

Shoplifting is one of the main crimes affecting Australian small business.What term does the retail industry use to describe inventory and cash losses from shoplifting?

Accepted Answer

The retail industry uses the term "shrinkage" to describe inventory and cash losses from shoplifting. Shrinkage also includes other causes of inventory losses, such as administrative errors and employee theft.

Question 13

Kathmandu products are known to be rugged,outdoorsy,tough,athletic and dependable.Because the company has worked very hard to establish these thoughts in the minds of consumers and has spent large sums of money to make sure that their products maintain the favourable Kathmandu reputation,Kathmandu has achieved brand ________ with its products.

Accepted Answer

Brand equity refers to the value of a brand, based on the perceptions and experiences that consumers have with the brand. In this case, Kathmandu has established a positive reputation and invested in maintaining it, leading to a strong brand equity for their products. Choices A, B, and C are not relevant to the concept of brand equity.

Question 14

According to a Freudian system of analysis,the superego is the counterweight to the ego.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a Freudian system of analysis,the...

Question 15

Personality refers to a person's unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or her environment.

Accepted Answer

Personality is defined as a stable pattern of behavior and thoughts that define an individual's unique characteristics and responses to different situations.

Question 16

The reality principle,according to Freudian psychology,is behaviour guided by the primary desire to maximise pleasure and avoid pain.

Accepted Answer

The reality principle, according to Freudian psychology, is behavior guided by the secondary desire to satisfy the id's impulses in realistic and socially acceptable ways while considering the constraints of reality.

Question 17

The ego is the referee in the fight between temptation and virtue.

Accepted Answer

The ego, or the sense of self, is responsible for mediating between the id (the primal instinctual desires) and the superego (the internalized social and moral standards). Therefore, it can be viewed as the referee in the struggle between temptation (the id) and virtue (the superego).

Question 18

Our culture's current fascination with novels and movies such as the Harry Potter series and The Lord of the Rings,in which the magician and the patriarch triumph over the sorcerer and the dictator,emphasises the importance of ________.

Accepted Answer

The reference to archetypes indicates that the importance being emphasized is the recurring symbols and patterns seen in mythology and folklore, such as the hero's journey and the battle between good and evil.

Question 19

Hannah was embarrassed when her friends teased her about dancing on a table on Friday night.She tried to tell her friends that she is really quite introverted and shy.Her friends observed that Hannah does not appear shy when she is out on a weekend evening.Which of the following statements is most applicable in understanding Hannah's personality?

Accepted Answer

Personality is not a fixed set of traits that remain consistent across all situations. Rather, it is a person's unique psychological makeup that consistently influences their behavior within a certain environmental situation. Therefore, it is possible for Hannah to exhibit extroverted behavior on a weekend evening, even if she is generally introverted and shy in other situations.

Question 20

Alfred Adler suggested that many actions that people take are motivated by their desire to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that individuals strive to overcome their feelings of inferiority and to achieve a sense of superiority or competence, which he termed the "will to power." This motivation affects an individual's behavior and personality development.

Quiz 4: Personality