Question 1

Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems,some treatment approaches are more effective than others.According to Martin Seligman,which type of therapy is best for panic disorders

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman has suggested that cognitive therapy is the most effective treatment approach for panic disorders as it helps individuals to identify and change the negative thought patterns that contribute to their panic symptoms.

Question 2

In looking for therapeutic services,what should you keep in mind

Accepted Answer

Community mental health centres and human service agencies are good sources of information because they often provide low-cost or free therapy options and can offer referrals to trusted practitioners. While the therapist's professional background is important, it is not the only factor to consider when looking for therapeutic services. Also, the availability of therapeutic services can vary widely depending on the community and region.

Question 3

Which statement best describes the different approaches to psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

The development of different psychotherapeutic approaches is due to the tension between competing theories. Each approach takes a different perspective on the nature of mental health problems and how to overcome them. While there may be some overlap between approaches, they are based on distinct theories and techniques. Therefore, each approach has its strengths and limitations and may be more appropriate for certain types of psychological disorders or individuals.

Question 4

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with various cultural groups.What is illustrated by this finding

Accepted Answer

This finding illustrates that cultural heritage plays a significant role in shaping behavior and reactions to therapy. It highlights the importance of considering cultural factors in the development and implementation of therapeutic interventions.

Question 5

What is the term for the transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers to the process of transferring treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions (such as psychiatric hospitals) to community-based facilities. This was a movement that gained popularity in the late 20th century as a response to concerns about the over-reliance on institutionalization and the poor living conditions and quality of care in some psychiatric hospitals.

Question 6

What does the trend of deinstitutionalization mean

Accepted Answer

The trend of deinstitutionalization means that people with mental illness are being moved from large, centralized mental institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care. This approach allows for more individualized, patient-centered treatment and is often seen as more humane and effective than institutionalization.

Question 7

Which of the following was established by Dorothea Dix,a mental-health reform activist

Accepted Answer

Dorothea Dix established the first mental hospital in Nova Scotia in 1857 as part of her efforts to improve the treatment of mentally ill individuals in North America.

Question 8

What was NOT a problem with mental hospitals during the 1950s

Accepted Answer

Overmedication of patients was not seen as a problem during the 1950s. In fact, it was a common practice to use medications to restrain and control patients with mental illness. It wasn't until later that the overuse of sedatives and tranquilizers was recognized as potentially harmful to patients.

Question 9

In terms of the relationship between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy,what have researchers found

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the therapeutic alliance, or the relationship between therapist and client, plays a more significant role in the outcome of therapy than the therapist's specific professional background. This suggests that factors such as empathy, understanding, and the ability to build a trusting relationship may be more critical to therapeutic success than the therapist's specific training or certification.

Question 10

Some disorders are expressed differently,with distinct differences in symptoms,across different cultures.What does this finding illustrate

Accepted Answer

The finding that some disorders are expressed differently across different cultures suggests that behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage. Cultural norms and beliefs can influence how symptoms are expressed and interpreted, highlighting the importance of considering cultural context in understanding psychological disorders.

Question 11

Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems,some treatment approaches are more effective than others.According to Martin Seligman,which approach is most effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman, in his book "What You Can Change and What You Can't," suggests that for obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most effective approach is a combination of behavior therapy (specifically exposure and response prevention) and medication (typically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs). While other approaches may be helpful, Seligman argues that this combination is the gold standard for treatment of this disorder.

Question 12

What was emphasized by the community mental health movement

Accepted Answer

The community mental health movement emphasized the importance of local care, reduced reliance on hospitalization, and prevention of mental illness through community-based approaches. The movement aimed to provide comprehensive and coordinated services to individuals with mental illnesses in their own communities, rather than in large institutional settings. This approach was seen as more effective in promoting recovery and preventing relapse.

Question 13

What has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization led to a decrease in the average length of stay in mental hospitals. This was achieved by providing more outpatient care, community-based services, and medication management. However, it did not result in an increase in the average length of stay in mental hospitals.

Question 14

Which type of therapists would be most expensive for a client

Accepted Answer

Therapists in private practice typically set their own rates and may also charge based on their level of education, experience, and geographic location. Therefore, they are usually the most expensive option for clients. University setting therapists, human resources department therapists, and community mental health center therapists are likely to have lower rates and may even offer free or reduced-cost services to those who qualify.

Question 15

Which statement best describes deinstitutionalization

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization has resulted in many benefits for those with mental health issues, such as avoiding unnecessary hospital stays and promoting community-based care. However, there have been some unanticipated issues, such as homelessness, lack of resources in the community, and increased incarceration rates. Therefore, statement C is the best choice as it acknowledges both the benefits and challenges of deinstitutionalization.

Question 16

What proportion of the homeless population is estimated to suffer from severe mental illness

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that approximately one-third of the homeless population in the United States suffers from severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. This is a higher rate than in the general population.

Question 17

Electroconvulsive therapy was a popular treatment for schizophrenia among some clinicians,but other clinicians preferred alternative methods including psychoanalytic therapy or treatment with antipsychotic medications.We have learned a great deal about schizophrenia from the processes and results of each of these forms of treatment.Which theme does this highlight

Accepted Answer

The fact that different clinicians preferred different forms of treatment for schizophrenia highlights the value of theoretical diversity. Each approach has contributed to our understanding of the disorder and has provided potential avenues for treatment.

Question 18

What proportion of the homeless population struggles with alcohol and drug problems

Accepted Answer

Approximately one-third of the homeless population is estimated to struggle with alcohol and drug problems.

Question 19

What proportion of psychiatric inpatient releases are re-admitted within 30 days

Accepted Answer

One-seventh of psychiatric inpatient releases are re-admitted within 30 days.

Question 20

Which statement best describes the importance of a therapist's sex

Accepted Answer

The sex of the therapist is not the most important factor in therapy outcomes. It is more important for the therapist to have good listening skills and be able to build rapport with the client. While some clients may have a preference for a therapist of a specific sex, this should not be the only factor considered when choosing a therapist. Research has not shown any significant difference in therapy outcomes based solely on the sex of the therapist.

Quiz 16: A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders