Question 1

The fact that Princeton students "saw" Dartmouth students engage in twice as many infractions as the Dartmouth students did in a Princeton-Dartmouth football game is MOST consistent with

Accepted Answer

The fact that Princeton students "saw" twice as many infractions as Dartmouth students did suggests that perception is subjective and influenced by individual biases and perspectives rather than being purely based on objective evidence.

Question 2

Dr.Scarply believes that if all violent programming were banned,aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear.This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that

Accepted Answer

Dr. Scarply's explanation that all violent programming being banned will almost completely eliminate aggressive behavior is too simplistic and ignores the multiple causes that contribute to aggressive behavior, such as biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors. This is inconsistent with the view that behavior is determined by multiple causes. A, B, and C are all consistent with the view that behavior is shaped by cultural heritage, influenced by both heredity and environment, and subjective in perception.

Question 3

Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective?

Accepted Answer

Researchers in psychology consistently apply the scientific method to control for the subjectivity of individual experiences and to ensure objective observations and data.

Question 4

Quan Lee recently lost her job at American Industries Inc.because she would often show up for important meetings 20 to 30 minutes after they had started.She was confused about why this upset her boss because her relatives are almost always late for appointments and meetings.Quan Lee's confusion illustrates the fact that

Accepted Answer

Quan Lee's confusion about why her lateness upset her boss shows how her cultural background, where lateness is more acceptable, influenced her behavior and expectations in the workplace. This demonstrates how cultural norms and values can shape our behavior and understanding of situations.

Question 5

The text's unifying theme of "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the

Accepted Answer

The idea that heredity and environment both play a role in shaping behavior is commonly referred to as the nature versus nurture debate. This debate has been ongoing in psychology and other fields for decades, with some researchers emphasizing genetic factors and others emphasizing environmental factors.

Question 6

Which of the following BEST characterizes people's understanding of reality?

Accepted Answer

People's understanding of reality is largely based on their subjective perceptions, experiences, and interpretations. While objective information certainly plays a role, the way individuals interpret and make sense of that information is highly influenced by their subjective experiences, beliefs, and values.

Question 7

The text's two unifying themes of "our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage" and "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" can BEST be viewed as both describing more specialized statements of which other theme?

Accepted Answer

The unifying themes of "our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage" and "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" can both be seen as more specialized statements supporting the broader idea that behavior is determined by multiple causes. This is because both themes acknowledge that our behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural and genetic influences, as well as environmental and situational factors. This aligns with the overarching idea that behavior is complex and multifaceted, and cannot be reduced to a single cause or explanation.

Question 8

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme of

Accepted Answer

The fact that people's perceptions can be influenced by their desires and expectations suggests that their experience of the world is highly subjective. This aligns with the idea that reality is perceived differently based on an individual's unique perspective and interpretation, making option D the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as it refers to the idea that genetics and environmental factors contribute to behavior, which is not relevant to the theme discussed in the text. Similarly, option B refers to behavior being influenced by cultural heritage, which is not directly related to the text's theme of perception. Option C is somewhat relevant as it touches on the idea that experiences contribute to one's understanding of the world, but it is not as relevant as the theme of subjectivity and interpretation.

Question 9

Dr.Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders,but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger.Dr.Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

Accepted Answer

Dr. Escher's belief that genetics and environmental stressors interact to shape behavior aligns with the theme of nature and nurture interacting to influence behavior, which is represented by choice A.

Question 10

Sunlin prepared a meal for his new girlfriend and she enjoyed it so much that she cleaned her plate.Later she was surprised that he had found her behavior somewhat insulting; she thought she was showing her appreciation.In this case,the couple's miscommunication illustrates the underlying theme that

Accepted Answer

Different cultures have varying interpretations of behaviors, such as finishing a meal, which can lead to misunderstandings. In some cultures, cleaning the plate is a sign of appreciation, while in others, it may imply that the host did not provide enough food.

Question 11

Based on Harold Kelley's research,if you are led to believe that you are going to hear a lecture given by a warm and friendly instructor,you

Accepted Answer

Harold Kelley's research suggests that people's expectations about a person's personality traits can influence their perceptions of that person's behavior. Therefore, if you are led to believe that the instructor is warm and friendly, you may perceive them as being warm and friendly even if you have no other information about their personality. This effect is known as the "halo effect."

Question 12

Zoe believes that Samantha has trouble forming long-term relationships because her parents were overly strict during Samantha's toilet training.This type of explanation for Samantha's current behavior is inconsistent with the view that

Accepted Answer

Behavior is determined by multiple causes, including heredity, environment, and personal experiences.

Question 13

Carly was in favor of a proposed convention center; Colin was against the project.When Carly surveyed people she found that 70% of those she questioned were in favor of the project.Colin's survey found that 75% of those he surveyed were against building the convention center.These differing survey results show that.

Accepted Answer

Motives and expectations can influence how people conduct surveys and interpret results, leading to biased outcomes.

Question 14

In everyday life people usually think of a behavior as having ____,while in contrast psychology views behavior as having ____.

Accepted Answer

Everyday life tends to simplify behavior by attributing it to a single cause. For example, a person might say that someone is acting grumpy because they didn't sleep well. However, psychology recognizes that behavior is often the result of multiple causes, such as past experiences, genetics, and current stressors. Therefore, option D is the best choice, as it reflects psychology's more nuanced understanding of behavior.

Question 15

A multifactorial approach to explaining your performance in a course would MOST likely focus on

Accepted Answer

A multifactorial approach takes into account both personal and situational factors that may impact one's performance in a course. It recognizes that there are often multiple factors at play, and seeks to understand how they interact with each other. Therefore, the answer is C - both personal and situational factors.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the concept of cultural heritage is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

While discussing cultural heritage with others may be important for some individuals, it is not necessarily a universal need or characteristic of the concept of cultural heritage itself.

Question 17

Roger and Lydia met for a blind date.Roger had been told by his best friend that Lydia was charismatic and vivacious.During their date Lydia was friendly but she was quite shy and didn't initiate much of the conversation.Still,Roger thinks that Lydia is one of the most exciting people that he has met,and he can't wait to see her again.Roger's reaction to his date with Lydia shows that

Accepted Answer

Roger's perception of Lydia as exciting, despite her shyness, indicates that his experience is subjective and influenced by his expectations and personal biases.

Question 18

During the last few decades people have become more aware of the sexual abuse of children by adults,and psychologists have devoted more research attention to the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse.These observations BEST reflect which unifying theme in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The increasing awareness of sexual abuse of children and the research on its long-term effects reflects the sociohistorical context of psychology, as society's understanding and response to this issue evolve over time.

Question 19

Widely shared customs,beliefs,values,and norms refer to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to culture, which is the shared characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music, and arts. A is incorrect because the ideographic nature refers to the pictorial character of writing, while C and D are incorrect because ontogeny and phylogeny refer to the study of the development and evolution of living organisms, respectively.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

This statement is the least accurate because there can be significant diversity in behavior among members of the same culture, as individuals may have different personal experiences and backgrounds that shape their behavior. The other statements accurately reflect the pervasive influence of culture on individuals and the differences and similarities that can occur across cultures.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology