Question 1

According to Nisbett and his colleagues,an analytic cognitive style is one that focuses on

Accepted Answer

According to Nisbett and his colleagues, an analytic cognitive style focuses on objects and their properties, rather than overall context. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B refers to a systematic cognitive style, option C to a holistic cognitive style, and option D to a field-independent cognitive style.

Question 2

Research shows that when consumers have a very high number of products to choose from,they are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that when consumers have a...

Question 3

Which strategy for decision-making might involve the weighting of individual attributes differently,based on the importance of the attributes?

Accepted Answer

The additive strategy involves assigning scores to each attribute and then adding up the scores for each alternative. This strategy allows for the weighting of individual attributes differently based on their importance.

Question 4

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality,people tend to use

Accepted Answer

According to Simon's theory of bounded rationality, people tend to use simple strategies in decision making that focus on only a few facets of available options and often result in irrational decisions that are less than optimal. This is due to limitations of cognitive and informational processing abilities. Thus, option A is the correct choice.

Question 5

Christine wants to buy a new television.She will not purchase a television with a screen smaller than 25 inches.She will also not purchase a television that costs more than $500.Her decision-making strategy is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Christine's decision-making strategy is elimination by aspects, as she has set certain constraints (minimum screen size and maximum cost) and will eliminate options that do not meet them. This is different from a purely additive strategy (where options are ranked based on their positive attributes) or a weighted additive strategy (where options are ranked based on weighted criteria). A field independent strategy would involve relying on personal preferences and ignoring external factors, which is not evident in this scenario.

Question 6

In order to decide which car to buy,Jim makes a list of desired qualities and rates each of the cars he is considering on a scale of one to ten.After totaling the points each car receives on all the desired qualities,he is going to purchase the car with the most points.Jim is using the ____ strategy of decision-making.

Accepted Answer

Jim is using the additive strategy of decision-making as he is adding up the points for each car's desired qualities to make a final decision.

Question 7

Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that a holistic style of thinking is one that focuses on

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that a holistic style of thinking focuses on context and relationships among the elements in a field. This is in contrast to a more analytical or object-focused thinking style. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 8

Research by John Payne found that people adapt their decision-making approach to the demands of the task.Specifically,as choices become more complex,people tend to shift toward

Accepted Answer

Payne's research found that as choices become more complex, people tend to shift towards simpler decision strategies. This allows them to better manage the increased amount of information and options involved in complex decision-making tasks.

Question 9

Individuals from Eastern Asian cultures tend to focus on context and the relationships among elements in a field.This is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The description fits the definition of a holistic cognitive style, which is characterized by a focus on the entire context and the relationships among its elements. The other options are not as applicable to this description.

Question 10

When using elimination by aspects,it is best to evaluate the ____ aspect first.

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the most important aspect first allows for the elimination of options that do not meet the essential criteria. This can help narrow down the choices and make the decision-making process more efficient.

Question 11

Car A has good mileage,a low price,and low maintenance,or three pluses.Car B has only a low price and low maintenance,or two pluses.So,I'll choose Car A.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a purely additive strategy, where each option is evaluated independently and the option with the highest sum of positive features is chosen. In this case, Car A has three positives (good mileage, low price, low maintenance) while Car B has only two (low price, low maintenance), making Car A the preferred choice.

Question 12

Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people frequently make

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that...

Question 13

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

Accepted Answer

The process of evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as decision making. The other options, such as insight and problem solving, may be steps in the decision-making process but do not encompass the entire process. Bounded rationality is a theory that suggests individuals make decisions based on simplified models and incomplete information, which may impact their ability to make the best choice.

Question 14

Marisa is trying to decide between two computers that are advertised at the same price.Both computers are the same in most respects; however,computer A has a 2.5 GHz processor and 2 G of RAM,while computer B has a slower 2.0 GHz processor but 4 G of RAM.Because Marisa thinks that the speed of the processor matters more than the amount of RAM,she decides to buy computer A.In this case,Marisa has made her decision using

Accepted Answer

Marisa used a weighted decision strategy by assigning a higher weight to the processor speed and a lower weight to the amount of RAM, leading her to choose computer A despite having less RAM.

Question 15

Brett is trying to decide which graduate schools he will apply to.He is making up a list of all the positive and negative aspects he feels are associated with 100 different schools,and he plans to send applications to the 10 schools that score the highest when he adds up all the positive points and subtracts all the negative points.The decision strategy that Brett is using is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Brett is using a purely additive strategy to evaluate the graduate schools he will apply to. He is adding up all the positive points and subtracting all the negative points to arrive at a total score for each school. This is a purely additive strategy where the decision is based solely on the sum of the positive and negative points associated with each option.

Question 16

Michiko lives in Japan and Krystal,Michiko's pen pal,lives in the United States.Based on the research by Nisbett and his colleagues into cultural differences in cognitive styles,you should predict that when these two friends are solving problems,Michiko will tend to use ____ cognitive style,while Krystal will tend to use ____ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and colleagues found that individuals from East Asian cultures tend to have a more holistic cognitive style, focusing on the context and relationships between objects, while individuals from Western cultures tend to have a more analytic cognitive style, focusing on discrete objects and categories. Therefore, Michiko, who lives in Japan, is likely to have a more holistic cognitive style, while Krystal, who lives in the United States, is likely to have a more analytic cognitive style.Choice C, "a holistic; an analytic," reflects this prediction.

Question 17

Kim had a busy day at work and had to make many difficult decisions.Research suggests that she may now experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kim had a busy day at work...

Question 18

You apply to a graduate school that decides on who is accepted by demanding that three successive criteria be met: major GPA over 3.50; overall GPA over 3.00; GRE over 1000.Failure to meet any one eliminates an applicant.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of elimination by aspects, where each criterion must be met in sequence, and failure to meet any one results in elimination.

Question 19

If an alternative is eliminated whenever it fails to satisfy some minimum criterion on an attribute,which decision-making strategy is being used?

Accepted Answer

The decision-making strategy described is elimination by aspects, which involves eliminating alternatives that do not meet a minimum threshold on a specific attribute. This is a common approach to decision-making when there are multiple criteria to consider and the decision-maker wants to simplify the decision process. The other options listed (purely additive, weighted additive, and representativeness heuristic) do not involve eliminating alternatives based on a minimum criterion on a specific attribute.

Question 20

Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options,people tend to use

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that when making a decision...

Quiz 8: Language and Thought