Question 1

What is the most popular drug on high-school and college campuses in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among high school and college students in the United States.

Question 2

In biofeedback, the individual usually __________ when the targeted response is being performed.

Accepted Answer

In biofeedback, the individual can receive feedback through various means such as hearing a blip or viewing a signal. Therefore, both options (hearing a blip or viewing a signal) are correct. Reading a book is not a part of biofeedback.

Question 3

Joanna says that she is a chronic alcoholic. When she stopped drinking suddenly, she experienced terrifying hallucinations, heavy sweating, general disorientation, and restlessness. She was, most likely, experiencing the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with delirium tremens (DTs), which is a potentially life-threatening withdrawal symptom that can occur in chronic alcoholics who suddenly stop consuming alcohol. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

Question 4

Any system that provides information about a bodily function is known as

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a process that involves using electronic monitoring equipment to provide individuals with specific information on physiological processes, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and brain waves. This information can be used to help people learn to control and regulate their bodily functions, such as reducing anxiety or improving concentration. While the other answer options may relate to the concept of biofeedback, they do not accurately describe it.

Question 5

Which of the following drugs does NOT act by slowing the activity of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Barbiturates, alcohol, and opiates are all depressants that slow down the activity of the central nervous system. Caffeine, on the other hand, is a stimulant that increases activity in the central nervous system.

Question 6

Ivana is a college student who has developed a tolerance to heroin and experiences withdrawal symptoms whenever she doesn't have a "fix" at least every eight hours. She feels that she has lost control and has to organize her life around her habit. She would be classified as having

Accepted Answer

Ivana's tolerance and withdrawal symptoms indicate that she has developed a substance dependence, which is characterized by a loss of control over drug use and compulsive behavior surrounding drug seeking and use. Substance abuse involves continued use despite negative consequences, while substance use refers to any use of drugs, regardless of severity or consequences. Option D is incorrect as Ivana clearly has a diagnosable problem based on her symptoms.

Question 7

What is it called when the body habituates to a substance and higher doses are needed to get the same effects?

Accepted Answer

Tolerance occurs when a person's body becomes accustomed to a substance, and over time, it takes a higher dose to achieve the same effects. This can occur with prescription medications, illegal drugs, and even certain foods or drinks.

Question 8

Neal Miller administered shocks to the pleasure centers of a rat's hypothalamus when the animal's heart rate changed. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of biofeedback training, where physiological processes are monitored and information is provided to the subject to help them gain control over those processes. In this case, the shocks serve as feedback to the rat about its heart rate changes.

Question 9

When Clay joined AA in order to stop drinking he received a pamphlet that described the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. These included

Accepted Answer

All of these symptoms are common during alcohol withdrawal, including high blood pressure and rapid pulse, restlessness and tremors, and anxiety.

Question 10

According to the American Psychiatric Association, what is the crucial factor(s) in substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

The American Psychiatric Association emphasizes that substance abuse is primarily characterized by the disruption it causes in an individual's life, rather than the amount consumed or the social setting.

Question 11

Luke is a college student who goes drinking with his friends every Thursday night. He seems to feel less intoxicated than his friends, even though they all drink the same. One likely explanation for this phenomenon is that

Accepted Answer

Luke having a greater tolerance to alcohol like his parents is the most likely explanation for feeling less intoxicated than his friends even though they all drink the same amount.

Question 12

Which bodily function was once thought to be beyond voluntary control but nowadays can be changed with biofeedback?

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a technique that uses electronic monitoring devices to provide information to individuals about their physiological processes, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. With practice and guidance, individuals can learn to control and change these bodily functions, which were once thought to be beyond voluntary control. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) can be changed with biofeedback.

Question 13

The theory that a person is likely to use drugs if he or she expects a rewarding experience from the behavior is held by __________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The theory that a person is likely to use drugs if he or she expects a rewarding experience is consistent with the social-cognitive perspective. This perspective emphasizes the role of expectations, learning, and social influences in decision making and behavior. Social-cognitive psychologists would assume that drug use is influenced by expected outcomes such as pleasure, social acceptance, and relief from stress or negative emotions.

Question 14

People are capable of lowering their muscle tension by feedback from an

Accepted Answer

Electromyograph measures muscle tension and can provide feedback for individuals to lower their muscle tension through relaxation techniques. Electroencephalograph measures brain activity and is not directly related to muscle tension. Enteroencephalograph and enteromyograph are not commonly used or recognized terms.

Question 15

Debbie, a college student, experiments with drugs despite the fact that her best friend died of an overdose. What might be influencing her behavior?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed could be influencing Debbie's behavior. She may be conforming to peer pressure from friends who also use drugs, using drugs as a way to escape stress, and/or dealing with a history of drug use in her family. It is likely that a combination of these factors is contributing to her behavior.

Question 16

Which problem cannot be controlled through biofeedback?

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback can be used to control muscle tension, blood pressure, and anxiety, among other issues. Therefore, none of these options are a problem that cannot be controlled through biofeedback.

Question 17

An inherited tendency toward alcoholism may involve greater sensitivity to alcohol and

Accepted Answer

An inherited tendency toward alcoholism often involves a greater tolerance for alcohol, meaning individuals may need to consume more to achieve the same effects, which can contribute to the development of alcoholism.

Question 18

An athlete wants to use biofeedback to alleviate a tension headache. What type of feedback would be most effective for him to use?

Accepted Answer

EMG biofeedback would be effective for the athlete to lower muscle tension in the specific areas that are causing the tension headache. EEG biofeedback would be effective to relax the entire body and promote a sense of calmness, which can also contribute to relieving tension headaches. Therefore, a combination of both types of biofeedback would be most effective in alleviating tension headaches.

Question 19

You have just experienced a major loss in your life. The stress, tension, and anxiety are overwhelming. Your doctor suggests using a technique that involves learning to emit alpha waves through feedback from an EEG. This technique is called __________.

Accepted Answer

BFT stands for biofeedback therapy which involves using feedback from an EEG to learn to emit alpha waves. EEG is just the technology used to measure brain waves, while EMG measures muscle activity, and CDC stands for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is not related to this technique.

Question 20

People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Which of these is NOT one of them mentioned in your text?

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention improving grades as a reason for experimenting with drugs.

Quiz 4: Consciousness