Question 1

Takeo is a Japanese man trying to learn English. The first time he sees the word "psychology" he has no idea what this combination of letters means. What is Takeo having difficulty with?

Accepted Answer

Takeo is having difficulty with recognizing and understanding the meaning of the word "psychology." This indicates a problem with word recognition, as he is struggling to match the letters he sees to the corresponding meaning of the word.

Question 2

Siegler identified several factors that contribute to improved reading comprehension in children. Which of the following was one of those factors?

Accepted Answer

According to Siegler, increased experience, such as exposure to a wide variety of texts and genres, contributes to improved reading comprehension in children. Gender and age are not factors identified by Siegler, and subject matter may impact comprehension to some extent but is not a primary factor.

Question 3

Who would be most likely to use a knowledge-telling strategy when writing a school paper?

Accepted Answer

Students in earlier grades (such as Grade 2) are more likely to use a knowledge-telling strategy where they simply recall information rather than analyzing or synthesizing information.

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the three purposes of writing?

Accepted Answer

The three main purposes of writing are to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. Persuading the reader is one of these primary purposes.

Question 5

Freddy had written his essay for his history class on the night before it was due. The first draft was the final draft. What critical mistake did Freddy make with this paper?

Accepted Answer

By not revising his essay, Freddy did not give himself the opportunity to catch any spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors, or to improve the overall clarity and coherence of his writing. Revising and editing are essential parts of the writing process, and skipping them can result in a lower quality final product.

Question 6

In reading, what is defined as the ability to extract meaning from a sequence of words?

Accepted Answer

Comprehension is the ability to understand and extract meaning from a sequence of words. Phonological awareness refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in words, animism refers to the belief that inanimate objects have human-like qualities, and intonation refers to the rise and fall of pitch in speech.

Question 7

Jerry is a grade 1 student who struggles with addition and subtraction. His math tutor has taught him a popular method to assist Jerry with his challenges. What is this simple method of solving addition problems that will benefit Jerry?

Accepted Answer

Counting on one's fingers is a popular and simple method that can help with both addition and subtraction. It is also a tangible way for young learners like Jerry to understand basic operations. Using pencils, crayons or other small objects can also be helpful. Choices A, B and D are less practical or accessible for a grade 1 student.

Question 8

Which of the following languages is much more consistent in terms of the mapping of the sounds to letters?

Accepted Answer

Italian has a more consistent phonetic system where each letter typically corresponds to a single sound, making it easier to predict pronunciation from spelling.

Question 9

What is the causal relationship between consumption and ADHD?

Accepted Answer

There is no conclusive evidence that food allergies or sugar consumption are major causes of ADHD. While there may be a small subset of individuals who are sensitive to certain foods or additives, such as artificial colors and preservatives, as a general rule, diet alone cannot be considered a causal factor for ADHD. Many other factors, such as genetics and environmental factors, are likely involved in the development of this disorder.

Question 10

Which of the following actions do beginning readers tend to take?

Accepted Answer

Beginning readers often try to retrieve words directly from memory first because it's faster and requires less effort. If they can't recall the word, they then resort to sounding it out, which is a more deliberate and slower process. This approach allows them to gradually build their vocabulary and reading skills.

Question 11

If you lacked phonological awareness, what would you most likely have great difficulty in?

Accepted Answer

Phonological awareness refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds in language. If someone lacked phonological awareness, they would have difficulty distinguishing between similar sounding words such as "putt" and "butt," making option D the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are unrelated to phonological awareness.

Question 12

Researchers have identified a number of characteristics as to why students will succeed in school.	Which of the following is one of those characteristics?

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, academic excellence is the goal for all students, which implies that the staff and students have a shared goal and mindset towards success in school. This is a characteristic that can contribute to a student's success. Option A, B, and C do not address such characteristics.

Question 13

A native English speaker is given the following sentence, "Cat at makeup potato breath." Which aspect of reading best explains the difficulty the speaker is most likely to experience when reading the sentence?

Accepted Answer

The sentence lacks coherence and logical structure, making it difficult to understand its meaning, which leads to a lack of comprehension.

Question 14

When considering the theme paper his teacher just assigned, Theodore says to himself, "Before I start writing, I need to decide what I am going to write about and come up with a general organizational plan." Given this description, what kind of strategy does Theodore appear to be using in planning his theme?

Accepted Answer

Theodore's approach of considering what he will write about and coming up with a general organizational plan indicates the use of a knowledge-transforming strategy, which involves analyzing and transforming information before writing. This is in contrast to a knowledge-telling strategy, which involves simply recalling and reporting information without much analysis or manipulation. The other two choices, componential subtheory and phonological awareness strategies, are unrelated to the task of planning a written composition.

Question 15

What is the most simplistic strategy for adding/counting?

Accepted Answer

Counting by extending one finger for each item and then counting the total number of fingers extended on each hand is the most simplistic strategy for adding/counting. It utilizes physical movements to help with understanding, which is useful for individuals who are hands-on learners.

Question 16

Which does a knowledge-telling writing strategy require?

Accepted Answer

A knowledge-telling strategy involves writing down anything about the topics as it comes to mind, without initially organizing or filtering the information.

Question 17

Which of the following children is best characterized as having a phonological awareness disorder?

Accepted Answer

Phonological awareness refers to the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in language. Mike's difficulty in understanding his teacher because many of her words sound alike suggests that he may have difficulty distinguishing between sounds, indicating a phonological awareness disorder. The other options do not necessarily relate to phonological awareness.

Question 18

By what age do children have a good grasp on the addition tables?

Accepted Answer

By the ages of 8-9 years, most children have developed a good grasp of the addition tables, as they typically learn these fundamental math skills in the early years of elementary school.

Question 19

What do the most effective treatments for ADHD include?

Accepted Answer

The most effective treatments for ADHD include a combination of stimulant drugs and psychosocial treatments, such as behavioral therapy or skill-building programs. Neither anti-depressant drugs nor parental modelling have been found to be as effective as stimulant drugs and psychosocial treatments. While behavior modification techniques can be helpful, they are typically used in conjunction with other treatments rather than being the sole form of treatment.

Question 20

In reading, what is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters called?

Accepted Answer

The process of identifying a unique pattern of letters is called word recognition. While phonological awareness involves recognizing individual sounds within words, word recognition specifically refers to the ability to identify words by their visual appearance and their unique combination of letters. Therefore, options A, B, and D are not correct answers.

Quiz 7: Off to School