Question 1

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to concern about how others are evaluating your performance.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension is the concern one has about how others are evaluating their performance. Self-monitoring refers to the tendency to regulate one's behavior to meet the demands of social situations. Social evaluation refers to the process of assessing the qualities of another person. Self-referencing is a cognitive process in which individuals relate new information to their pre-existing knowledge and beliefs about themselves.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best example of deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to a phenomenon where an individual loses their sense of self and individual identity in group settings. Anna, the soldier, is so mentally wrapped up in her unit that she fails to think of herself as an individual separate from her group, which is a classic example of deindividuation. The other three choices are not examples of deindividuation. Jessica's behavior is more likely an example of conformity, Stanner's behavior is an example of impression management, and Petra's behavior is an example of flow.

Question 3

John is taking part in a student protest, marching across police lines into an important administrative building on campus. He is so wrapped up in the group mentality that he actually stops thinking about himself as an individual who is separate from the group, and fails to ask himself whether or not he is behaving responsibly. John is probably experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

John is experiencing deindividuation, which is a psychological phenomenon where people lose their sense of individual identity and become more likely to engage in impulsive and sometimes irresponsible behaviors when they feel anonymous and part of a larger group.

Question 4

Research on social facilitation would suggest that, in general, runners would ____ when running alongside others as opposed to running alone.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation typically leads to an increase in arousal and performance in the presence of others. Therefore, runners would generally run faster when running alongside others as opposed to running alone.

Question 5

Why do corporations like teamwork?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do corporations like teamwork?
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Question 6

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments to be conducted, Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett found that cyclists who raced against each other cycled more quickly than those who raced alone against the clock. This is known as the social facilitation effect, where the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-learned tasks.

Question 7

In his early social psychological research regarding bicyclists and racing performance, Norman Triplett's initial interpretation of his finding was that the presence of others stimulated a ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his early social psychological research regarding...

Question 8

The term deindividuation is best defined as a loss of ____ that people sometimes feel in group situations.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and individual accountability that people sometimes feel in group situations. This can lead to a decreased sense of responsibility for one's actions, which can lead to increased antisocial behavior.

Question 9

Social psychologists have coined the term ____ to refer to the loss of self-awareness and of individual accountability in a group.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the phenomenon where individuals lose their sense of individual identity and responsibility in a group setting, leading to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive behaviors. This can lead to situations where individuals engage in behaviors that they would not normally engage in when alone or held accountable for their actions. The other options (B, C, and D) do not refer to this specific phenomenon.

Question 10

Humans need to find uniqueness within the context of their group memberships. What structural elements of groups help humans do this?

Accepted Answer

Roles provide individuals with specific expectations and responsibilities within the group, and can help individuals feel unique and valued for their contributions. Norms provide guidelines for behavior and performance within the group, and can help individuals differentiate themselves based on their adherence or deviation from those norms. Communication patterns and membership applications may also play a role in the formation and maintenance of group identity, but they are not as directly related to individual uniqueness within the group.

Question 11

Belonging to a human cultural group has two competing demands. They are ____.

Accepted Answer

Belonging to a cultural group requires individuals to identify with the group and share similar values, beliefs, and behaviors to feel connected to it. At the same time, individuals want to maintain their own unique personality and identity, which can be challenging when conforming to group expectations. Therefore, belonging to a human cultural group has two competing demands: similarity and uniqueness.

Question 12

As described in the text, ____ was at the core of the fascist movements of the first half of the twentieth century.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation, which refers to a loss of individual identity and accountability in a group setting, was at the core of the fascist movements of the first half of the twentieth century. This phenomenon allowed individuals to act on their most base impulses without fear of being held responsible for their actions.

Question 13

Based on research on social facilitation, we should expect that-all else being equal-children who work on a set of easy puzzles alone will ____ than children who work on the same puzzles side by side in a big group of other children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on research on social facilitation, we...

Question 14

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise for half an hour on rowing machines at a gym, among other people, would be more likely to ____ than people who exercise for half an hour on a rowing machine in the privacy of their home.

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's early research on social facilitation found that the presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, such as cycling faster when racing against others. This principle suggests that exercising in the presence of others, as in a gym, might lead to increased effort and potentially burning more calories.

Question 15

Similarity is important to membership in a human cultural group because it ____.

Accepted Answer

Similarity is a key factor in creating a sense of belonging and loyalty to a cultural group. When individuals feel they share traits, values, and beliefs with others in the group, they are more likely to feel accepted and supported. This, in turn, strengthens their affiliation with the group.

Question 16

After decades of research on the effect that others have on task performance, social psychologists have concluded that the presence of others ____.

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists have found that the presence of others can have varying effects on task performance depending on the task and the individual. However, one consistent finding is that the presence of others elicits a person's dominant response, which is their tendency to perform their most practiced or automatic response. This can either improve or hinder performance depending on the task and the quality of the person's dominant response. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it acknowledges the mixed effects of the presence of others on task performance due to the elicitation of a person's dominant response.

Question 17

In the language of social facilitation theory, the so-called dominant response is ____.

Accepted Answer

The dominant response refers to the behavior or response that is most likely to occur in a given situation, based on the individual's level of expertise or familiarity with the task. It is not necessarily the most common response among most people or the most socially valued response. The term "dominant" here does not refer to aggression, but rather to the behavior that is most likely to be dominant in a given situation. Thus, choice A is the best answer.

Question 18

According to social facilitation theory, task performance is sometimes enhanced by the presence of others and sometimes hurt by the presence of others. Generally speaking, this depends upon ____.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory states that the presence of others can enhance task performance when the task is easy or well-learned, but can hinder performance when the task is difficult or new. So, the answer is whether the task at hand is easy or hard.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of social facilitation theory?

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory proposes that the presence of others increases the dominant response tendency, meaning that individuals are more likely to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks and worse on complex or unfamiliar tasks in the presence of others.

Question 20

Rohit is a very good golfer when he is alone, and an excellent golfer when he is with others. In the language of social facilitation theory, playing golf well appears to be a(n) ____ for Rohit.

Accepted Answer

According to social facilitation theory, the presence of others can enhance performance on tasks that are well-learned or dominant responses. Playing golf well appears to be a dominant response for Rohit, as he performs even better when with others, suggesting that the presence of others enhances his performance. Therefore, the best choice is B) dominant response.

Quiz 14: Groups