Question 1

Researchers have argued that visual images are created by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have argued that visual images are...

Question 2

The textbook considers various arguments concerning the relationship between pictures and percepts.According to the text,pictures are

Accepted Answer

Pictures are considered ambiguous because they can be interpreted in multiple ways, while percepts (our perception of the environment) are organized and seem unambiguous due to the brain's processing.

Question 3

Mona has been blind since birth.Which of the following is most likely true about her imagery abilities?

Accepted Answer

While it is possible that Mona's other senses are highly developed, there is no evidence to suggest that her imagery abilities are superior to those of sighted individuals. However, research has found that blind individuals are able to perform many imagery tasks at a similar level to sighted individuals, indicating that Mona would likely be able to perform well on such tasks. Option C and D are not correct as they assume Mona's inability to perform imagery tasks, which is not necessarily true.

Question 4

Evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

Discoveries from mental imagery are more likely when they align with both the depiction of the image and its reference frame, suggesting that compatibility with these factors facilitates the flow of discoveries.

Question 5

Hank seems to have eidetic imagery.This means that after viewing a picture for a short amount of time,he will

Accepted Answer

Eidetic imagery, or photographic memory, refers to the ability to remember images or visual information with great accuracy and detail. Option B, which describes Hank being able to recall many tiny details in the picture, is the most accurate description of this phenomenon.

Question 6

Participants are asked to perform an imagery task while simultaneously keeping track of a visual target (a light that is not moving,but varies in brightness).The visual task will

Accepted Answer

The visual task may disrupt the imagery task if it requires visual imagery but not if the task can be done with spatial imagery. Since the imagery task may require different types of imagery, it is possible that the visual task may disrupt some but not all imagery tasks depending on their specific requirements.

Question 7

The text argues that image files in long-term memory

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that image files in long-term memory contain the instructions needed to create a mental image, rather than being a direct picture-like representation or template.

Question 8

In memorizing new material,it is helpful if one imagines the items

Accepted Answer

Imagining the items interacting with each other creates a visual story and can make it easier to remember the material. This technique is called elaborative encoding, and it helps to create stronger connections between the new information and what is already stored in long-term memory.

Question 9

The term "photographic memory" is used in many settings.When researchers are discussing highly detailed,fully visual memory,though,they use the term

Accepted Answer

Eidetic imagery refers specifically to the ability to recall detailed visual information with high accuracy and vividness. This is often colloquially referred to as "photographic memory," although the term can be somewhat misleading as it implies a more literal one-to-one correspondence between a memory and a photograph. Hyperthymesia refers to the ability to recall specific autobiographical events in great detail, while super-recognition refers to the ability to recognize faces with exceptional accuracy. Perfect perception is not a term used in this context.

Question 10

The term "image file" refers to

Accepted Answer

An image file refers to descriptive information in long-term memory that is used as the basis for creating an active image. It does not refer to the other options mentioned in the answer choices.

Question 11

Homer,Lisa,and Moe are asked to remember pairs of words.Homer tries to accomplish this task by rehearsing the words over and over again.Lisa decides to create a narrative combining the words.Finally,Moe decides to imagine the objects interacting in some way.Who is likely to have the WORST memory for the words?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsing words over and over again can lead to Maintenance Rehearsal, which is a shallow encoding method that is prone to rapid forgetting. On the other hand, Lisa and Moe try to create a meaningful association between the words, which leads to deeper processing and better memory retention. Therefore, Homer is likely to have the worst memory for the words.

Question 12

________ imagery is associated with how things look,while ________ imagery is associated with an abstract form or arrangement.

Accepted Answer

Visual imagery is associated with how things look. Spatial imagery is associated with an abstract form or arrangement. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which has visual and spatial imagery in the order in which they are associated.

Question 13

Participants' self-reports about their imagery vividness

Accepted Answer

Participants' self-reports about their imagery vividness are often correlated with their performances on visual tasks but not with their performances on spatial tasks.

Question 14

In a memory experiment,participants were shown a form that could be interpreted in more than one way.Half the participants were told,"Here is a picture of the sun." The other participants were told,"Here is a picture of a ship's steering wheel." Some time later,participants were asked to draw the exact visual form they had seen earlier.The data indicate that

Accepted Answer

The data indicate that participants' drawings were biased in a fashion that reflected the labels they had been given earlier. This suggests that the verbal labels influenced their interpretation and memory of the ambiguous form.

Question 15

Brian's brain was damaged because of a stroke,and he has lost the ability to do tasks that require judgments about visual appearance,including tasks requiring him to think about an object's color.On the basis of other evidence,Brian

Accepted Answer

The passage only mentions Brian's inability to do tasks requiring judgments about visual appearance and does not provide evidence of impairment in other areas. Therefore, it is possible that he can still perform normally on spatial tasks. The other choices are not supported by the passage.

Question 16

Words that easily evoke imagery,like "ball," are ________ relative to words like "hope."

Accepted Answer

Words that easily evoke imagery are more likely to be remembered because they stimulate more senses and create a vivid mental image, which aids in retention. On the other hand, abstract concepts like hope are more difficult to visualize, which can make them less memorable.

Question 17

The ________ face area of the visual cortex is highly active for faces,while the ________ place area is highly active for places.

Accepted Answer

The fusiform face area of the visual cortex is highly active for faces, while the parahippocampal place area is highly active for places. Therefore, the best choice is B, which matches these brain regions with their respective functions. The other options are incorrect because they either match the same brain region with both faces and places (A) or they mix up the dorsal and ventral visual pathways (C and D).

Question 18

According to the dual-coding framework proposed by Paivio,a word like "chair" is ________ than a word like "faith."

Accepted Answer

According to the dual-coding framework, concrete words like "chair" are easier to memorize than abstract words like "faith" because they can be mentally represented with both verbal and visual codes. This duality of representation helps enhance memory encoding and recall.

Question 19

When asked to determine which city is farther south,Seattle or Montreal,people are likely to mistakenly say "Seattle." This is probably because

Accepted Answer

This is because people may have a general sense that Seattle is farther north than Montreal, but they may not have a clear mental image of the exact locations of each city. Therefore, their knowledge is in the form of a propositional statement rather than an image, leading to the incorrect answer.

Question 20

The picture of the duck/rabbit is ambiguous.However,consider someone who is inspecting a visual image of this form.If the person does not already know how to reinterpret this picture,the person is unlikely to discover the alternative interpretation by inspecting the image.But hints such as "Try thinking about the form as facing to the right" can help the person to see both aspects of the image.Why would this hint help?

Accepted Answer

By suggesting that the form is facing to the right, the hint is altering the reference frame used to interpret the image. Prior to this suggestion, the viewer may have been interpreting the image from a different reference frame which did not allow for the alternative interpretation. This shift in reference frame can allow the viewer to see both the duck and the rabbit in the image. The other options (mental rotation, altering the depiction, retrieval pathway) do not accurately capture the effect of this particular hint.

Quiz 11: Visual Knowledg