Question 1

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH...

Question 2

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as respiration, specifically oxidative phosphorylation, where ATP is produced using the energy from electrons passing through the electron transport chain.

Question 3

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen and uses a variety of electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide. Paracoccus denitrificans is a type of bacteria that uses nitrate as an electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen, thereby reducing it to nitrite as part of its anaerobic respiration process.

Question 4

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When cells of a facultative anaerobe such...

Question 5

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can have multiple types of terminal oxidases, which differ in their structures, substrates, and electron acceptors. Examples include cytochrome bd, cytochrome bo, and quinol oxidases.

Question 6

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end...

Question 7

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis that proton motive force drives...

Question 8

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Accepted Answer

While glycolysis and the TCA cycle do generate ATP, the majority of ATP in higher eukaryotes is produced by the membrane-bound proton translocating ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation, which uses energy from the electron transport chain to produce ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

Accepted Answer

The proton flow is inward during ATP synthesis, not outward, making option C incorrect.

Question 10

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Accepted Answer

The proton motive force drives the rotation of bacterial flagella by powering the flagellar motor, which is a complex structure consisting of proteins that use the energy of the proton gradient to rotate the flagella. This provides the bacteria with the ability to move towards nutrients or away from harmful substances in their environment.

Question 11

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically on a set of protein complexes known as the electron transport chain. The electrons transfer through these complexes and ultimately to oxygen, resulting in the production of ATP.

Question 12

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Accepted Answer

Bacterial electron transport chains typically have fewer components than mitochondrial transport chains, and may also have lower P/O ratios (the ratio of ATP produced to oxygen consumed during electron transport).

Question 13

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

All three choices can function as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. Nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas, sulfate is reduced to hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide can be reduced to methane or other organic compounds.

Question 14

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the...

Question 15

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Accepted Answer

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose in eukaryotes is 38, which is the result of the complete oxidation of glucose through aerobic respiration. This includes the production of 2 ATP from glycolysis, 2 ATP from the Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation. While some sources may list a maximum of 36 ATP due to variations in the number of protons required for ATP synthase activity, the most widely accepted value is 38 ATP.

Question 16

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use mitochondria to transport electrons and NADH and FADH2 as electron carriers, while prokaryotes use their cell membrane and quinones as electron carriers.

Question 17

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

In aerobic conditions, the complete oxidation of glucose occurs resulting in the production of more ATP per glucose molecule. Therefore, it takes less sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions, where glucose is partially oxidized resulting in the production of fewer ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Question 18

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH)to O₂ is called the

Accepted Answer

The P/O ratio refers to the number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FADH to O2 during oxidative phosphorylation. This ratio varies slightly depending on the enzyme complexes involved and the organism, but it is typically around 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2.

Question 19

The major function(s)of the TCA cycle is(are)

Accepted Answer

The TCA cycle is responsible for both energy production through the generation of NADH and FADH2, which fuels oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain, as well as providing carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it encompasses both of these functions.

Question 20

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation involves the partial oxidation of sugar (or other organic molecules) to generate energy. This process requires the use of an electron acceptor, which is often pyruvate or another organic molecule. During fermentation, pyruvate is converted into various end products, such as lactate or ethanol, and the electrons generated during this process are transferred to the electron acceptor.

Quiz 11: Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O₂ is called the

The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

Quiz 11: Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO2 as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O2 is called the

The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O₂ is called the