Question 1

Wyatt has noticed some recent changes in his 10-month-old daughter Cosette's behavior.Ever since she started crawling a few weeks ago,she

Accepted Answer

Cosette's increased distress when left with a babysitter suggests that she has developed a stronger attachment to Wyatt and experiences separation anxiety when he leaves. Option A is incorrect because attachment behaviors typically emerge in response to being separated from a primary caregiver, not the other way around. Option B is incorrect because while Cosette may be more interested in her brother, this does not necessarily mean she is less attached to Wyatt. Option D is also incorrect because it is not mentioned whether or not Cosette plays happily at day care.

Question 2

While visiting your sister and her 1-year-old son Ian,you notice that Ian becomes distressed whenever your sister leaves the room,can be easily comforted by you while she is gone,and ignores your sister when she comes back into the room.Ian's attachment style to his mother would most likely be described as

Accepted Answer

Ian's behavior indicates that he experiences distress when his mother leaves, but he is easily comforted by someone else. This is a common pattern of behavior for children with an ambivalent attachment style. When his mother returns, he ignores her, indicating that he is not sure whether or not she will provide comfort or respond to his needs, which is another common behavior of ambivalent attachment.

Question 3

Zandra's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to a new dentist.Zandra's mother leaves the room and Zandra is momentarily alone with the dental hygienist,whom Zandra smiles at and plays with.When Zandra's mother returns,Zandra barely glances up and continues to play patty-cake with the dental hygienist.Zandra would most likely be classified as having a(n)_______ attachment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Zandra's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to...

Question 4

McKenzie is new at observing infant behavior in the strange-situation test and is uncertain how to assess baby Stephan's actions.If she guesses that he is securely attached,he most likely

Accepted Answer

A securely attached infant is typically not afraid of strangers when their mother is present, as they feel secure and confident in her presence.

Question 5

Sally is playing ball with her friend Anne.When Anne leaves the ball on the couch and goes to the bathroom,Sally hides the ball behind the TV.Sally expects Anne to look for the ball on the couch when she comes back because Anne does not know the ball was moved while she was in the bathroom.Sally is demonstrating that she understands Anne has her own thoughts and intentions that are different from Sally's.Sally has developed

Accepted Answer

Sally is demonstrating an understanding that Anne has her own thoughts and intentions, which is a key aspect of theory of mind. Schemas, accommodation, and assimilation do not directly relate to Sally's understanding of Anne's thoughts and intentions.

Question 6

During the strange-situation test,Grady begins crying when his mom leaves the room.When his mom returns,Grady holds up his arms,asking to be picked up.However,when his mom picks him up,he pushes her away angrily.Grady's behavior is consistent with a(n)_______ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Grady's behavior of crying when his mom leaves and seeking comfort when she returns, but then pushing her away angrily is consistent with an ambivalent attachment style. This style is characterized by feeling anxious and uncertain about the availability of the caregiver and may result in a "mixed" behavior of seeking and rejecting comfort.

Question 7

Brian has three children with very different personality traits.Even though Brian adapts his parenting to their personalities,there are strong maturation effects.Which of the following has Brian most likely observed?

Accepted Answer

Maturation effects refer to changes that occur due to biological factors such as age and development. The fact that all three children learned to walk at 11 months suggests a maturation effect, as this milestone is typically reached around this age. The other options do not necessarily suggest a maturation effect, but rather differences in individual development or preferences.

Question 8

John and Danielle want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn son Luke's crib.If they want Luke to see the objects,what should they attach to the strings?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have limited visual acuity and are only able to see high-contrast patterns, such as black and white shapes. Pastel colors, bright dolls, and pictures of nature may not provide enough contrast for Luke to see and be stimulated by.

Question 9

Rick and Stacy want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn daughter Annalise's crib.If they want the baby to pay attention to the mobile,which of the following sounds should they record to play in the mobile?

Accepted Answer

Newborns are more likely to pay attention to higher-pitched voices, such as a mother's voice, which they are familiar with from the womb.

Question 10

Derek pretends to be a baker while playing in the sand.He forms five sand cookie balls,and then he forms a sixth but flattens it into a pancake."Wow! This cookie is way bigger than the others!" he exclaims.This example best illustrates Derek's _______ development.

Accepted Answer

Derek's statement about the pancake being bigger than the cookies shows his ability to understand size and comparison, which falls under cognitive development. His pretending to be a baker and forming sand cookie balls also shows imaginative and symbolic thinking, which is another aspect of cognitive development.

Question 11

Sharon notices that her baby grasps her finger every time she places it in her infant's palm.Which of the following is an explanation for why her baby shows this reflex?

Accepted Answer

The grasp reflex helps babies survive by allowing them to cling to their mother or caregiver for safety and stability.

Question 12

Paul is babysitting Pamela for the first time.When Pamela's mom leaves,Pamela cries.When her mom returns,Pamela reaches for her but then pushes away from her.Paul assumes Pamela has a(n)_______ attachment.

Accepted Answer

Pamela's behavior of seeking her mother upon return but then pushing her away is indicative of ambivalent attachment, where children may become very distressed when a parent leaves but behave ambivalently when the parent returns, seeking to maintain closeness but also resisting contact or interaction.

Question 13

Elizabeth is going to decorate her newborn's room and wants the baby to be able to see the decorations.Which of the following should she use to decorate?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have limited color vision and are more attracted to high-contrast patterns, such as black-and-white, which are easier for them to see and focus on.

Question 14

Baby George's mother leaves him sitting in the grocery cart as she goes around the corner searching for cake mix.George screams as she leaves,reaches for her when she returns,but then pushes her away.George's behavior is most consistent with a(n)_______ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

George's behavior is indicative of an ambivalent attachment style, characterized by distress when separated from the caregiver and ambivalent behavior upon their return, such as seeking close contact but also resisting it. This is shown through George's initial distress when his mother leaves, his reaching for her upon return, and then pushing her away, demonstrating both a desire for closeness and a difficulty in trusting the caregiver's responsiveness.

Question 15

If Ansel believes in a dynamic systems perspective,he most likely believes that development occurs through a series of interactions between the child,his _______,and his _______.

Accepted Answer

A dynamic systems perspective emphasizes the role of multiple factors and interactions in development, including the cultural and environmental contexts in which the child grows up. Therefore, the best choice is D, which highlights the importance of both cultural and environmental factors, rather than just genetic or individual factors like peers or parents alone.

Question 16

Kara explains to her roommate why Harry Harlow's experiments were so important to explaining an infant's socio-emotional development.Kara correctly says that his results demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

Harry Harlow's experiments showed that comforting touch and contact was actually more important than just providing food. He found that baby monkeys would choose to spend time with a soft, cloth surrogate mother who provided comfort over a wire surrogate mother who provided food. This demonstrated that infants need social and emotional comfort as much as physical nourishment for healthy development.

Question 17

Nicholas is an infant researcher and wants to use the strange-situation test in his work.Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing

Accepted Answer

The strange-situation test is designed to examine an infant's response to separation and reunion with their caregivers, as well as the quality of their attachment to the caregiver. Therefore, Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing how infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers.

Question 18

Immediately after birth,Giada's son Maxwell was able to display the rooting reflex.Which of the following behaviors did Giada observe Maxwell doing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immediately after birth,Giada's son Maxwell was able...

Question 19

Sonya's parents have been encouraging her to walk for several months by standing her up and holding her hands.Paul's parents have let him achieve motor milestones on his own,without encouraging or helping him.The fact that Sonya and Paul both started walking independently at about the same age can be best explained by

Accepted Answer

Maturation is the process of biological growth and development that enables orderly changes in behavior. Although Sonya's parents encouraged her to walk, she was only able to do so when she had reached the point of maturation where she had developed the necessary motor skills to walk. Paul, on the other hand, achieved the same milestone without any encouragement from his parents because he had reached the same point of maturation. Therefore, the fact that both children began walking at the same age can be attributed to maturation.

Question 20

Marcia's baby is just starting to eat solid food,and like all babies,he prefers certain tastes.Which of the following mashed foods is the baby most likely to want to eat?

Accepted Answer

Babies have a natural preference for sweet tastes, so they are more likely to prefer mashed bananas over vegetables or plain starches like potatoes or rice. Peas may also be a good choice as they have a slightly sweet taste, but bananas are the best option.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span