Question 1

Jonathan has noticed that even though he lifts the same amount of weights each week,he is losing muscle mass and putting on a few extra pounds.Jonathan is most likely _______ years old.

Accepted Answer

As we age, our body goes through changes, such as a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat, even if we maintain the same level of physical activity. This is especially true after the age of 30, which means Jonathan is most likely 35 years old or older.

Question 2

Rachel is about to retire from her successful job as a high school teacher,has several grandchildren now in college,and is excited about picking up some hobbies with her newfound free time.Erikson would argue that Rachel is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rachel is about to retire from her...

Question 3

Andy decides to help his friend with his homework because he thinks the friend will then "owe" him and will do something for Andy later on.According to Kohlberg,Andy is exhibiting _______ moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Andy's reasoning is focused on personal gain and reward, which is characteristic of preconventional moral reasoning.

Question 4

Sampson is a physician who sees many elderly patients.He is likely to notice decreases in their cognitive functioning in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of basic facts, or crystallized intelligence, tends to remain stable or even improve with age, unlike other cognitive functions that may decline.

Question 5

Adeline has been struggling with divorcing her husband for quite some time and is worried that she will never date again.Erikson would classify Adeline as most likely dealing with the psychosocial conflict of

Accepted Answer

Adeline's concern about never dating again suggests that she is struggling with the psychosocial conflict of intimacy versus isolation. This conflict typically arises during young adulthood and involves the struggle to form meaningful and lasting relationships with others. Adeline's difficulty with divorcing her husband may have also impacted her ability to form these relationships, further highlighting her conflict with intimacy versus isolation.

Question 6

Sheila is a life coach who has helped numerous adult clients in varying stages of life.In order to promote positive outcomes in her clients,she is likely to suggest all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sheila is likely to suggest exercise as a means of promoting positive outcomes in her clients. Waiting until one's 40s to start exercising may not be the most effective approach. Therefore, the option "wait to start exercising until your 40s" is unlikely to be suggested by Sheila.

Question 7

Edna just found out she is pregnant,and you are concerned because Edna lives in poverty.
a)Define teratogens and list two specific ways that they negatively influence prenatal development.
b)List two pieces of advice that you could give to Edna to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edna just found out she is pregnant,and...

Question 8

Bernadette's baby was born with a low birth weight.
a)Discuss two factors that may have influenced the baby's prenatal development in this way.
b)When would these factors have the greatest negative effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bernadette's baby was born with a low...

Question 9

Dr.Osmond is a developmental psychologist who studies adulthood.Which of the following is he most likely to research?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Osmond studies adulthood, which suggests that he would research topics related to the development and changes that occur during this period of life. Option C, the mental effects of stagnation, is most relevant to this area of study. Options A and D are related to research on infancy and prenatal development, respectively, while option B focuses on adolescence rather than adulthood.

Question 10

Given what Naomi knows about physical development across the life span,which of the following people does she suspect will be the LEAST healthy at age 70?

Accepted Answer

Naomi would suspect Carson to be the least healthy at age 70, as squinting at a computer and listening to loud music on an iPod can lead to eye strain and hearing damage, respectively. The other options, exercising regularly, engaging in mental exercises, and walking regularly, are all associated with better physical health.

Question 11

The president of the United States is debating about whether to start a war with country X.If the president is in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning,which of the following reasons would he most likely give for his decision?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The president of the United States is...

Question 12

Sharon is 60 and has experienced slowness of thought over the last year.She goes to her doctor to discuss why this is.Her doctor is most likely to tell her that slowed mental processes are a result of

Accepted Answer

As individuals age, their frontal lobes, which are responsible for executive functions such as planning and decision-making, tend to shrink. This can lead to slower cognitive processes. Muscle mass and exercise do not directly relate to mental processing speed. "Senior moments" are a colloquial term and do not provide a scientific explanation.

Question 13

Tom's young cousin has always had severe learning difficulties.Tom just read an article about a twin study that found that intelligence is 60 percent genetic,so he complains that his cousin was born unintelligent because her parents are not intelligent and there is nothing she can do about it.
a)Discuss whether you think Tom's conclusion is correct.
b)What other explanations can you think of that would explain Tom's cousin's learning problems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tom's young cousin has always had severe...

Question 14

Phil has been having trouble remembering where he left his keys,glasses,and favorite book.Now he also forgets to brush his teeth,comb his hair,and put clothes on in the morning.Phil is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Phil's symptoms indicate memory loss as well as a decline in daily self-care tasks, which are common signs of dementia.

Question 15

Tanya looks back on her high school years with fondness because it was the first time she began to find others who dressed and acted like her and who held similar beliefs.Based on this information,Tanya recognizes how her identity was affected by

Accepted Answer

Tanya's identification with a particular group that shared her beliefs and dressing style indicates that her sense of identity was influenced by her clique, or peer group. It does not necessarily mean that her teachers, parents, or the media had a significant influence on her identity formation.

Question 16

Eddie's neighbor Marjorie steals a laptop computer from another student in their dorm and makes Eddie promise not to tell on her.After campus police come to the dorm and question him,Eddie decides to tell them that Marjorie stole the laptop because Eddie knows that Marjorie broke the law.According to Kohlberg,Eddie is exhibiting _______ moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Eddie is exhibiting conventional moral reasoning because he is adhering to societal laws and norms, which is characteristic of the conventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Question 17

Eugene is 88 years old.Which of the following tasks is he most likely to have difficulty with?

Accepted Answer

Older adults often experience a decline in cognitive functions, including divided attention, which is required for tasks like driving while talking on a cell phone.

Question 18

Your friend Lisa is pregnant and worries the baby will negatively affect her relationship with her husband Mike.Which of the following statements is the best advice you could give her in this situation?

Accepted Answer

It is important for Lisa to communicate with her husband before the baby is born about household responsibilities. This can reduce future arguing and help them both adjust to their new roles as parents. It shows that they are willing to work together and support each other during this new phase in their lives. Option A may be a good idea to bond with the baby, but it does not address any potential issues in the marriage. Option C is not healthy and can lead to resentment. Option D is negative and does not offer any solutions or helpful advice.

Question 19

Angela works at a nursing home and notices some distinct differences among her patients.Which of her patients is LEAST likely to have Alzheimer's?

Accepted Answer

Going dancing twice a week is a form of physical exercise and socialization, both of which have been found to be beneficial for brain health and reducing the risk of Alzheimer's. Additionally, having no genetic predisposition is also a positive factor in terms of Alzheimer's risk. Therefore, John is the least likely to have Alzheimer's among the given patients.

Question 20

Professor Chen wants to study the motivation for stealing.Which of the following colleagues should he consult?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes stages related to understanding the concept of stealing and its consequences, making him a suitable colleague for studying the motivation for stealing. Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on identity formation and coping skills, which may not be directly relevant to the topic of stealing. Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory does not address the topic of stealing. Harry Harlow's research was primarily focused on attachment and social behavior in primates, which is not directly related to the motivation for stealing.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span