Question 1

Ming is learning English and today learned that the word talking is made up of two units of meaning: talk and ing.Ming is learning about

Accepted Answer

Ming is learning about morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in language. "Talk" and "ing" are both morphemes that combine to form the word "talking."

Question 2

Olivia begins menstruating at age eight.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Early onset of menstruation, also known as precocious puberty, can be caused by various factors such as stress, trauma or an unstable environment, which disrupt the normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Question 3

Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter to start saying words so that Phillip can finally understand what Baxter needs.Phillip knows that for most babies,this will occur at around

Accepted Answer

Most babies will start saying their first words between 10 and 14 months, with an average of 12 months. Therefore, option C is the closest choice. Option A is too early, and option D is too late. Option B is possible, but less likely than option C based on the average age of first words.

Question 4

Elaine travels around the world observing how children learn language.Elaine has written a book to relate her findings in which she discusses the fact that

Accepted Answer

The first words of children typically are used to identify objects or describe simple actions, reflecting their efforts to communicate about their immediate environment. This is a widely observed phenomenon across different cultures and languages.

Question 5

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand,16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is _______,whereas Rebecca's speech is _______.

Accepted Answer

Robby's speech is babbling because he is making speech sounds without forming words or sentences. Rebecca's speech is telegraphic because she is using two-word sentences without using all the necessary grammar or function words.

Question 6

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is six years old,he is most likely to answer that

Accepted Answer

At the age of six, children often focus on the height of containers rather than their overall volume when comparing amounts of liquid, leading them to perceive the taller container as holding more.

Question 7

Justin's mother believes that Justin,a 9-month-old,is still in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.To test this belief,which of the following could she try?

Accepted Answer

Option B tests for object permanence, which is a key feature of Piaget's sensorimotor stage. The baby should look for the toy if he understands that it still exists even if it is not visible. The other options do not necessarily test for sensorimotor development. Option A requires fine motor skills and familiarity with technology, not necessarily related to cognitive development. Option C tests for visual tracking but not necessarily for an understanding of object permanence. Option D could potentially harm the baby and does not relate to cognitive development.

Question 8

Peipei has a great group of American friends,is active in her school's theater,and works at a restaurant.Peipei also spends time helping out her extended Chinese family,who only speak Mandarin,by taking them to doctor appointments and translating for them.Peipei has successfully developed a

Accepted Answer

Peipei's ability to navigate and incorporate both her Chinese cultural practices and American social life reflects a bicultural identity. This means she has successfully integrated these two cultural identities into a cohesive sense of self.

Question 9

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet.He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing.Ernst knows he should be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The development of a more rounded jaw is not a typical sign of puberty. The other options are all typical changes that occur during puberty.

Question 10

Dr.Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face.Dr.Woolston should consult with his colleague _______,who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of _______.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that during adolescence, individuals face the challenge of forming their identity. This includes exploring different roles, values, and beliefs in order to establish a stable sense of self. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, on the other hand, focuses on how individuals acquire knowledge and develop reasoning abilities. Gender is not identified as a primary challenge in either theory. Therefore, option D, Erikson's theory of identity, aligns best with Dr. Woolston's interest in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face.

Question 11

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that her hips are getting wider.Monique is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the period of sexual maturation, which is characterized by the development of secondary sex characteristics, such as the growth of hair on the armpits, widening of hips, and other physical changes. Therefore, Monique is most likely experiencing puberty. A is incorrect because primary sex characteristics are the reproductive organs, such as the ovaries and testes, that develop during puberty. B is incorrect because identity versus role confusion is a stage of psychosocial development in adolescence according to Erik Erikson's theory. C is too vague and does not provide a clear answer.

Question 12

Giovanni is having difficulty learning English.He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences.For example,instead of saying "The dog ate the bone," he says,"The dog the bone ate." Giovanni is having trouble with

Accepted Answer

Giovanni is having difficulty with syntax, the order and arrangement of words in a sentence. Specifically, he is placing verbs at the end of sentences instead of in their proper position. Morphemes refer to the smallest units of meaning in language, phonemes are the smallest units of sound, and overregularization refers to mistakenly applying regular grammar rules to irregular words (e.g. "goed" instead of "went").

Question 13

Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking.Which of the following is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Overregularization refers to when a child applies a grammatical rule too broadly, resulting in incorrect usage. In this case, "hitted" is an incorrect past tense form of the verb "hit," which Evan is likely using because he has not yet fully grasped the irregularity of English verb conjugation. The other options are grammatically correct and not examples of overregularization.

Question 14

Thirteen-year-old Sasha has a hard time getting along with her siblings because she often feels emotional and acts irrationally.She knows that she overreacts to their teasing,but she cannot help it.Sasha's feelings are most likely due to activation in her

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions, including fear, pleasure, and anger. Therefore, Sasha’s emotional responses to her siblings’ teasing are most likely due to activation in her limbic system. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for impulse control and decision-making, while the hippocampus is responsible for memory formation. The temporal cortex processes sensory information.

Question 15

Dr.Rames is counseling a teenager who is confused about his gender identity.Which of the following statements should Dr.Rames remember when helping this patient?

Accepted Answer

Gender identity is not solely determined by biology, and socialization and perception play an important role.

Answer: B and D are incorrect. Gender is not highly changeable simply by making biological changes, and surgical reassignment is not always successful.

Answer: C is incorrect. How a person thinks about their identity is crucial and should be valued equally with biological characteristics.

Question 16

A classic example of sexual reassignment and the social and emotional impact this may have on a person is the case of Bruce Reimer,who was surgically and hormonally reassigned to a female identity (Brenda).Bruce's situation highlights the fact that there is NOT always a match between _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

Bruce's case demonstrates a lack of match between his biological sex (male) and his gender identity (feeling like a male). This mismatch ultimately led to significant emotional and psychological distress, and supports the idea that gender identity is separate from biological sex.

Question 17

Allie has just gone through puberty,and the rapid development of her frontal cortex is causing her to

Accepted Answer

The rapid development of the frontal cortex during and after puberty enhances cognitive functions such as flexible and critical thinking, though it may still be maturing, leading to some difficulties in these areas.

Question 18

Janice is learning about the alphabet and how to read,but she is struggling to make the s and z sounds.Janice is having difficulty with

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, and mastering phonemes is an important part of learning to read and speak. Janice's struggle with making the s and z sounds suggests that she is having difficulty with specific phonemes.

Question 19

Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room.When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective,Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself.Kane is likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Kane's drawing from his own perspective indicates that he is not yet able to understand another person's point of view, which is a characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development in children according to Piaget's theory.

Question 20

Giselle wants to be a construction foreman; however,she is afraid to tell her family about her career plans because she thinks they will not find this to be an acceptable occupation for a female.Giselle is concerned her choice is NOT consistent with gender

Accepted Answer

Giselle's concern about her family not accepting her career choice as a female suggests a conflict with traditional gender roles, which dictate that women should pursue certain occupations while men should pursue others.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span