Question 1

The behavioral component of an attitude refers to how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral component of an attitude is indeed related to one's intentions or expectations regarding behavior toward a situation or object.

Question 2

"I don't like socializing with my coworkers outside of work" is an example of the affective component of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

This statement expresses a feeling or emotion towards socializing with coworkers, which is the affective component of an attitude.

Question 3

Perception is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.

Accepted Answer

Perception is indeed the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.

Question 4

Stereotyping is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is defined as attributing characteristics to an individual based on the group to which the individual belongs.

Question 5

As an emotional intelligence trait, relationship management refers to the ability to communicate clearly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds.

Accepted Answer

Relationship management is one of the key components of emotional intelligence and it involves the ability to communicate effectively, resolve conflicts constructively, and establish and maintain strong relationships with others.

Question 6

Cognitive dissonance, according to Leon Festinger, describes the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance as proposed by Leon Festinger.

Question 7

Status is not a common value held in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

Status can be an important value in some workplace cultures, particularly in hierarchical or competitive environments. It can influence power dynamics, decision-making, and opportunities for advancement. However, in other workplaces, such as those with flat organizational structures or a focus on teamwork, status may be less emphasized or even discouraged.

Question 8

Values are abstract ideals that are directed toward all objects, people, or events consistently over time and related situations.

Accepted Answer

Values are abstract ideals that are consistently directed towards all objects, people, or events over time, regardless of the situation or context.

Question 9

Lifelong behavior patterns are dictated by values that are fairly well set by age six.

Accepted Answer

Values are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.Lifelong behavior patterns are dictated by values that are fairly well set by the time people are in their early teens.After that,however,one's values can be reshaped by significant life-altering events.

Question 10

As employees' age increases, their job involvement, motivation, organizational commitment, and satisfaction decrease.

Accepted Answer

This statement is a common stereotype and is not necessarily true. Age does not always lead to a decrease in job involvement, motivation, organizational commitment, and satisfaction. Factors such as personal goals, work environment, and job fit can affect these variables more than age.

Question 11

People tend to prefer male bosses and generally view women leaders as being less effective than men, an example of sex-role stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

Despite significant progress in gender equality in the workplace, research has consistently shown that gender bias and stereotypes, such as the perception of women being less effective leaders or lacking necessary leadership qualities, still exist. These biases can influence people's preferences and attitudes towards male and female bosses.

Question 12

An attitude is a learned predisposition toward a specific object.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is a learned predisposition or evaluation towards a specific object or situation.

Question 13

Extroversion is the most essential trait of emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Extroversion is not a trait of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence includes abilities such as empathy, self-awareness, social skills and emotional regulation.

Question 14

The intentional component of an attitude consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation.

Accepted Answer

The intentional component of an attitude refers to the belief or thought one has about a situation, rather than the feelings or emotions. The emotional component of an attitude is known as the affective component.

Question 15

Both the halo effect and the recency effect are types of distortion in perception.

Accepted Answer

Both the halo effect and the recency effect involve cognitive biases that can distort our perceptions and judgments of people or events. The halo effect refers to the tendency to make global evaluations of someone based on one positive trait or characteristic, leading to overgeneralizations and stereotypes. The recency effect, on the other hand, refers to the tendency to remember and weight more heavily the most recent information or events, ignoring or forgetting earlier ones, which can distort our overall impression of a situation or person.

Question 16

EI is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and management of people at work.

Accepted Answer

The informal aspects of an organization are the focus of the interdisciplinary field known as organizational behavior (OB),which is dedicated to better understanding and management of people at work.

Question 17

When Jodi was pregnant with her first child, she drank a beer at lunch despite reading the label that said consumption of alcohol during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects. Jodi could have experienced cognitive dissonance because she knows about the warning, but still drank the beer.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort or mental stress experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs. In this case, Jodi's knowledge of the warning label and her decision to still consume alcohol during pregnancy create a situation of cognitive dissonance.

Question 18

A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

All cigarette smokers are repeatedly exposed to information that smoking is hazardous to health. But many smokers dismiss the habit as not being as risky as the antismoking messages suggest in an attempt to reduce (not increase) cognitive dissonance.

Question 19

The last step of the perception process is selective attention in which you ask, "Did I notice something?"

Accepted Answer

The first step of the perception process is selective attention in which you ask,"Did I notice something?"

Question 20

Belittling the importance of one's inconsistent behavior is a way to increase cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

Among the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance is belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior,as well as changing either attitude or behaviors,and finding consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones.

Quiz 11: Managing Individual Differences and Behavior: Supervising People As People