Question 1

All of the following statements is accepted by both existential and humanistic psychology except:

Accepted Answer

Existential and humanistic psychology both emphasize human freedom, responsibility, and the holistic view of humans, but the idea that humans are "basically good" and would naturally live in peace and harmony is more aligned with humanistic psychology, not existential psychology.

Question 2

Rogers found that if therapy is effective:

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that if therapy is effective, the client's real and ideal selves become increasingly similar. This means that the client becomes more accepting of who they truly are and their ideal self becomes a more realistic and attainable goal.

Question 3

According to Rogers,using the ____ as a guide for living one's life causes a person to approach and maintain experiences that are in accordance with the actualizing tendency but to terminate or avoid those that are not.

Accepted Answer

The organismic valuing process, according to Rogers, is a natural evaluative mechanism that guides an individual towards experiences that are in harmony with their experiencing self. This process helps individuals to become more self-aware and to make choices that are appropriate for their own unique circumstances, rather than just following the expectations of others. Therefore, by using this process as a guide for living one's life, a person is able to approach and maintain experiences that are in line with their actualizing tendency, and avoid those that are not.

Question 4

Roger's approach to psychotherapy was considered revolutionary for all of the following reasons except:

Accepted Answer

Roger's approach to psychotherapy did not require therapists to accept the medical model of mental illness, which views mental health disorders as strictly biologically-based and requiring medical treatment. In fact, Roger's approach emphasized the importance of the client's subjective experience and rejected labeling or categorizing clients based on their symptoms. Therefore, option B is incorrect, making it the correct answer.

Question 5

The major difference between existential and humanistic psychology lies in their assumptions about

Accepted Answer

The major difference between existential and humanistic psychology lies in their assumptions about human nature. Existential psychology assumes that human beings are inherently alone and have to create their own meaning in life, while humanistic psychology assumes that humans have an innate drive towards self-actualization and growth.

Question 6

If a person is functioning at any level other than self-actualization,he or she is said to be:

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, individuals who are not at the level of self-actualization are motivated by a deficiency or lack of something they need. This includes basic physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, and esteem needs. These individuals are also described as having need-directed perception, meaning their perception and understanding of the world around them are influenced by their unmet needs. Therefore, both deficiency motivation and need-directed perception apply to individuals not functioning at the level of self-actualization.

Question 7

Which of the following presents Maslow's hierarchy of needs in proper order?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is structured as follows: at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonging and love needs, after that esteem needs, and at the top is self-actualization. This progression reflects the idea that basic needs must be met before higher-level needs become motivational.

Question 8

Which of the following did Sartre mean by his statement,"Existence precedes essence"?

Accepted Answer

Sartre's statement "Existence precedes essence" means that humans are not born with a specific predetermined essence or purpose. Instead, humans exist first and then create their own essence through their choices and actions. Therefore, humans have the freedom to become what they choose to be. None of the other options express this idea.

Question 9

Maslow found that all of the following characterized self-actualizing individuals except:

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow, self-actualizing individuals are not necessarily highly gregarious or outgoing. In fact, many of them may prefer solitude and introspection over socializing. The other options (A, B, and C) are all characteristics that Maslow found to be present in self-actualizing individuals.

Question 10

Maslow said that self-actualizing individuals were ____ motivated.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is a higher level of motivation that involves realizing one's full potential, pursuing creative activities, and having meaningful experiences. This is known as being motivation, as opposed to deficiency motivation, which is driven by the need to fulfill basic physiological or safety needs. Therefore, option B is the best answer.

Question 11

Toward the end of his life Maslow began to develop ____ psychology that went beyond personal experience (mystical,ecstatic,spiritual aspects)and had much in common with non-Western psychologies,philosophies,and religions.

Accepted Answer

Toward the end of his life, Abraham Maslow began to develop transpersonal psychology, which he also referred to as fourth-force psychology. This approach goes beyond personal experience to include mystical, ecstatic, and spiritual aspects, aligning with non-Western psychologies, philosophies, and religions.

Question 12

According to Rogers,what is said to exist when the relevant people in a child's life give him of her love and acceptance under some circumstances but not under others (only if one acts or thinks in certain ways):

Accepted Answer

Conditions of worth refer to the belief that love and acceptance are only given to a child if they meet certain conditions or behave in certain ways. This concept is central to Roger's theory of personality development.

Question 13

The Jonah complex refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Jonah complex refers specifically to the fear of one's own success, named after the biblical prophet Jonah who initially ran away from his divine mission out of fear of success.

Question 14

When conditions of worth replace the organismic valuing process as a guide for living,the person:

Accepted Answer

When conditions of worth replace the organismic valuing process, the person becomes incongruent, is no longer true to their own true feelings, and is not a fully functioning person. This means that all of these choices are the best options for describing the effects of replacing the organismic valuing process with conditions of worth.

Question 15

Rogers believed that any relationship conducive to personal growth must be characterized by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that conditions of worth were detrimental to personal growth and therefore any relationship conducive to personal growth must not include them. The other options (genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding) were all essential components of a relationship conducive to personal growth according to Rogers.

Question 16

Humanistic psychologists:

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists reject the prediction and control of human behavior as psychology's goal, and they see the methods of physical science as irrelevant to the study of humans. They focus on understanding individual experiences, feelings, and subjective realities. They believe that the poetic, romantic, and spiritual aspects of humans are essential to understanding the whole person.

Question 17

A person living according to the organismic valuing process:

Accepted Answer

A person living according to the organismic valuing process is motivated by his or her own true feelings and is living what the existentialists call an authentic life. This means that the person is not living according to external pressures or societal expectations, but is being true to their own inner nature and values. The person also has internal feelings of worth, which come from a sense of fulfilling their own potential and living in accordance with their own unique purpose.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a self-actualizing person?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualizing individuals may have a few close relationships, but they do not necessarily seek out many friends or acquaintances. The other characteristics listed (perceiving reality accurately, need for privacy, creativity) are all commonly associated with self-actualization.

Question 19

According to Fromm,the first thing many individuals do when they discover their freedom is to:

Accepted Answer

Fromm suggests that when individuals discover their freedom, their initial reaction is often to try to escape from it, as freedom can be overwhelming and bring a sense of responsibility and anxiety. Fromm writes that people may seek to escape their freedom through conformity, authoritarianism, or destructiveness, rather than truly embracing and using their freedom in a positive way. Thus, choice C, to escape from that freedom, is the best answer.

Question 20

For humanistic psychology,the goal of psychology should be to formulate a description of what it means to be a human being.Which of the following is not part of that description?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology focuses on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals and the unique ways in which they seek to attain meaning in their lives. It emphasizes the importance of language and the valuing process in personal growth and development. However, it does not typically involve a categorical listing of basic human drives, as these may vary significantly among individuals.

Quiz 18: Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology