Question 1

According to the chart "Regarding Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Blacks and Whites for Three Causes of Death,and Racial Disparities,1950-2000," in the year 2000 African Americans (indicated as "blacks")are at a higher risk for death from heart disease than Caucasians (indicated as "whites").

Accepted Answer

The chart shows that in the year 2000, the age-adjusted death rate from heart disease was higher for African Americans ("blacks") than for Caucasians ("whites").

Question 2

People may smoke due to:

Accepted Answer

People may smoke due to various reasons, including pressure from their social networks, for psychological stress reduction, and personality traits. Therefore, option D, all of the above, is the correct answer.

Question 3

The analytical research question whether men or women have a higher occurrence of heart attacks is called:

Accepted Answer

The analytical research question regarding the occurrence of heart attacks among men and women can be approached using an odds ratio, which compares the odds of experiencing heart attack in men versus women. This would help to determine which gender has a higher risk of having a heart attack. Regression analysis could also be used, but it is a more general statistical method that involves predicting the relationship between one or more variables. Cross-sectional research analyzes a particular population or group at a specific point in time, while absolute risk is a measure of the chance of an event occurring over time, rather than a way to compare different populations or groups.

Question 4

Traditional Mexican American patients may go to a Western doctor to cure a biological problem but only curanderos,or healers,can be trusted to cure spiritual problems.

Accepted Answer

This is a common belief among traditional Mexican American patients, who may see Western medicine as effective for physical ailments but turn to curanderos for spiritual healing.

Question 5

Regarding the culture of religion: of the 302 million Americans accounted for in the last United States census,the top three specified religions of those individuals,with the highest percentage listed first is:

Accepted Answer

Christianity is the largest religion in the United States, followed by individuals who identify with no religion, and then Judaism ranks as the third in terms of the number of adherents.

Question 6

Health psychology is different from other psychology fields in that is does not need to rely firmly on the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

Health psychology, like all other psychology fields, relies on the scientific method to gather empirical evidence and test hypotheses. It is important for health psychologists to use rigorous research methods to ensure accurate findings when studying the intersection of physical health and psychology.

Question 7

Morbidity is defined as the number of deaths related to a specific cause.

Accepted Answer

Morbidity is actually defined as the incidence or prevalence of a specific disease or illness within a population, not the number of deaths related to it. The number of deaths related to a specific cause would be considered the mortality rate.

Question 8

Because using naturally occurring groups is not a perfect experiment,such designs are referred to as quasi-experimental designs,and the independent variables are called subject variables.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Quasi-experimental designs use naturally occurring groups, such as gender or age, which do not allow for random assignment of participants. Therefore, the independent variables are subject variables and the design is not considered a true experiment.

Question 9

Leonardo Da Vinci,an Italian artist during the Renaissance,was able to draw detailed diagrams of the human body due,in part,to the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church for scientists and artists of that era to perform dissections.This is one example of the spiritual/physical connectiveness of Health Psychology.

Accepted Answer

Leonardo Da Vinci's detailed diagrams of the human body were not due to encouragement from the Roman Catholic Church. In fact, the Church largely disapproved of dissections during the Renaissance, and Da Vinci's anatomical studies were often conducted in secret or through opportunities that were not officially sanctioned by the Church.

Question 10

What are the benefits of using a peer reviewed article for research?

Accepted Answer

Using a peer reviewed article for research ensures that the information presented has been carefully reviewed and vetted by experts in the field, increasing its reliability and accuracy. This can help the researcher become a better consumer of scientific information. Learning about different cultures or saving money are not benefits specific to using peer reviewed articles. Choosing other media outlets for more up-to-date events may be useful, but is not related to the benefits of using peer reviewed articles for research.

Question 11

The "state in which disease is absent" is a common definition for:

Accepted Answer

The definition of "health" as the absence of disease is commonly used in Western medical circles, where health is often conceptualized as a lack of illness, injury, or impairment. However, it is important to note that this definition is not universal and other approaches to health, such as Ayurveda or the biopsychosocial model, may have different definitions or understandings of what constitutes a state of health.

Question 12

Ayurveda is an ancient Native American system of medicine that focuses on the body,the sense organs,the mind and the soul.

Accepted Answer

Ayurveda is not a Native American system of medicine, it is an ancient Indian system of medicine.

Question 13

What region of the United States has a higher incidence of smoking?

Accepted Answer

Kentucky and Virginia are both located in the southeastern region of the United States, which has historically had high rates of tobacco farming and therefore smoking. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kentucky and West Virginia currently have the highest prevalence of smoking among adults in the country.

Question 14

According to the National Center for Health Statistics,in the year 2000,which group of individuals ranked at the top for causes of death that included homicide,heart disease and cancer?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, in the year 2000, African Americans ranked at the top for causes of death that included homicide, heart disease, and cancer.

Question 15

Regarding research and the change in statistics: all change in the data is statistically significant,and all statistically significant change is meaningful change.

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant change means that the change observed is unlikely to have occurred by chance. However, whether or not the change is meaningful or has a practical impact depends on the context and the specific application. Therefore, not all statistically significant change is necessarily meaningful.

Question 16

Psychosomatic medicine studies:

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic medicine studies focus on the relationship between the mind and the body, particularly how mental and emotional factors can influence physical health. Therefore, option D, which specifically mentions the influence of mind on health, is the best choice. The other options, such as advances in holistic medicine or sleep disorders, may be related to overall health and well-being, but do not specifically address the mind-body connection studied in psychosomatic medicine.

Question 17

The answer to "are you healthy" can vary according to how old you are,what your parents and friends think constitutes health,and what your religious or ethnic background is,and what a variety of other factors indicate about you.

Accepted Answer

The answer to the question of whether someone is healthy can be subjective and influenced by various factors such as age, cultural background, and societal norms regarding health. Therefore, the answer to this question can vary from person to person.

Question 18

Researchers select individuals who are HIV positive,and those who are not HIV positive,and train both in a certain form of coping.After a year,their health and well-being are compared and measured.This design is most likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

This design is a quasi-experiment because it involves comparing groups that are not randomly assigned. The researchers select individuals based on their HIV status, which is a pre-existing condition, and then compare their outcomes after an intervention.

Question 19

Native Americans draw distinctions between physical,spiritual,and social entities,and especially draw distinctions between religion and medicine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Native Americans draw distinctions between physical,spiritual,and social...

Question 20

When the three main biological units,enzymes,tissues,and excretory functions,are in harmonious condition and when the mind and senses are cheerful,this would best describe this medicine system:

Accepted Answer

The description matches the principles of Ayurveda, an ancient medicine system from India that focuses on harmonizing the three biological units and balancing the mind and senses through herbal remedies, diet, and lifestyle practices. Traditional Chinese Medicine also similarly emphasizes balance and harmony, but the mention of tissues and excretory functions makes Ayurveda a more fitting choice. Western medicine may focus more on treating specific symptoms or diseases rather than overall well-being. Traditional Navajo medicine is specific to the Navajo tribe and may not necessarily include the described elements.

Quiz 1: Health Psychology: Setting the Stage