Question 1

The reason(s)why a One-way ANOVA is used to compare 3 or more means and not several t-tests is because:
A)It is too time consuming
B)It does not take into account variance
C)Increases the chance of a Type I error
D)Both a & b are correct
E)Both a & c are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reason(s)why a One-way ANOVA is used...

Question 2

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)is used when there is_____.
A)Two levels of the independent variable
B)Two or more levels of the dependent variable
C)Nominal scales of measurement
D)None of these

Accepted Answer

MANOVA is used when there are two or more levels of the dependent variable being compared. It is used to test if there are differences in multiple dependent variables among different groups defined by the independent variable. Therefore, choices A and C are incorrect as they do not have any relevance to MANOVA. Choice D is also incorrect as MANOVA is a specific statistical test and can be used appropriately in certain situations.

Question 3

The F test for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate when the dependent variable is_____in nature and measured on a level that approximates_____level of measurement.
A)quantitative;interval
B)quantitative;ratio
C)qualitative;nominal
D)qualitative;interval
E)both a & b

Accepted Answer

The answer of The F test for a one-way repeated...

Question 4

When the independent variable is quantitative and the dependent variable is qualitative,an appropriate method of data analysis could be
A)Pearson correlation.
B)polychotomous logistic regression.
C)Kruskal-Wallis test.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Polychotomous logistic regression is appropriate when the dependent variable is qualitative and has more than two categories, and the independent variable is quantitative. Pearson correlation is appropriate when both variables are quantitative. Kruskal-Wallis test is appropriate when both variables are categorical. Therefore, the best choice in this case is polychotomous logistic regression.

Question 5

In the example above it was found that the higher your GPA is the higher you scored on the SAT which indicates_____.
A)positive correlation
B)negative correlation
C)a significant correlation
D)significant difference between groups
E)none of these

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, so does the other variable. In this case, as the GPA increases, so does the SAT score, indicating a positive correlation between the two variables.

Question 6

In the example above if the researcher were able to reject the null hypothesis and state based on the color of the ice cream the ratings were different how would you determine the nature of the relationship?
A)Turkey HSD test
B)Inspection of the means
C)Square root of total variance
D)Eta-squared
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

The Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test is used to determine which specific group means are different after finding a significant result in an ANOVA test.

Question 7

When both of the variables under study are qualitative and between-subjects in nature,the appropriate method of data analysis is the
A)independent groups t test.
B)one-way between-subjects analysis of variance.
C)two-way between-subjects analysis of variance.
D)chi square test.

Accepted Answer

When both variables are qualitative and between-subjects, the appropriate method of data analysis is the chi-square test. This test is used to determine whether there is a significant association between the two variables. The other options listed are appropriate for different types of data (e.g. t-test for quantitative data, ANOVA for more than two groups of quantitative data).

Question 8

If group means are the focus of an analysis where the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,which of the following are further considerations which must be given before the type of test is chosen?
A)The number of values of the dependent variable.
B)The level of measurement of the dependent variable.
C)The extent of violation of distributional assumptions.
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of If group means are the focus of...

Question 9

A consumer psychologist was interested in the influence that the color of the ice cream has on perceived taste.Four hundred subjects were asked to taste 3 different types of vanilla ice cream.Each type was identical in ingredients except they were different shades of yellow.After tasting each ice cream,the subject was asked to rate the ice cream on a scale 1-5 (5 being more favorable: interval scale).What statistical test should be used?
A)Chi-Square
B)Correlated t-test
C)One-way ANOVA Repeated measures
D)One-way ANOVA between groups
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

One-way ANOVA Repeated measures should be used because the subjects are being tested on the same three types of ice cream which are identical except for color (within-subjects design), and each subject's ratings are being measured on an interval scale. This test will allow the researcher to determine if there is a significant difference in perceived taste between the different shades of yellow ice cream.

Question 10

If you want to determine if GPA is correlated with SAT scores what test would you use?
A)correlate t-test
B)independent t-test
C)Pearson correlation
D)Spearman rank-order
E)both c & d

Accepted Answer

The best test to determine if GPA is correlated with SAT scores is the Pearson correlation. This test measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables, which is what we are interested in with GPA and SAT scores. The other options, such as t-tests, are not appropriate for this type of analysis. The Spearman rank-order correlation is also a valid choice, but the Pearson correlation is more commonly used in this case.

Question 11

Dr.James used a Pearson correlation and found that there was a relationship between the number of publications of faculty members and the number of graduate programs offered (r=.85).To determine the nature of the relationship what should Dr.James do? A)Inspect the sign of r (positive or negative) B)Use eta-squared C)Perform a post-hoc test D)Use coefficient of determination r² E)both b & d

Accepted Answer

Inspecting the sign of the correlation coefficient (r) will determine the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). A positive relationship indicates that as the number of publications of faculty members increase, the number of graduate programs offered also increase. A negative relationship indicates the opposite. Therefore, determining the sign of the correlation coefficient is crucial in determining the nature of the relationship. eta-squared (option B) and post-hoc tests (option C) are not appropriate for determining the nature of the relationship in a correlation analysis. Option D is an invalid formula. Option E is incorrect as eta-squared (option B) is not appropriate for this analysis.

Question 12

A parametric test should NOT be used in situations where
A)the dependent variable is measure on an interval level.
B)the distributional assumptions of the parametric test have been violated but the test is robust to these violations.
C)the distributional assumptions of the parametric test have been violated and the test is not robust to these violations.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

If the distributional assumptions of the parametric test have been violated and the test is not robust to these violations, a parametric test should not be used. This is because the results of the test may be inaccurate or misleading in such situations. In other words, the use of a parametric test in such situations may lead to Type I or Type II errors. Therefore, it is important to assess the distributional assumptions of a parametric test and choose an appropriate test accordingly.

Question 13

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,most researchers will NOT use a parametric test in situations where the dependent measure has only two or three values.

Accepted Answer

When the dependent variable only has two or three values, it is likely categorical and does not meet the assumption of normal distribution required for parametric tests. In such situations, non-parametric tests like chi-square or Fisher's exact test are more appropriate.

Question 14

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,the choice of the appropriate method of data analysis depends on
A)whether a parametric or nonparametric test is desired.
B)whether the independent variable is between-subjects or within-subjects in nature.
C)the number of levels that characterize the independent variable.
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

The choice of appropriate method of data analysis depends on all of these factors. A parametric or nonparametric test may be preferred based on the normality and equal variance assumptions of the data. Whether the independent variable is between-subjects or within-subjects in nature affects the choice of statistical test (e.g., t-test or ANOVA). The number of levels of the independent variable affects the complexity of the analysis and the choice of the appropriate model. Therefore, all of these factors should be considered when selecting the appropriate method of data analysis.

Question 15

What statistical test would you use if your dependent variable is measured on an nominal scale and your independent variable is measured on a nominal scale and you are using a within subject design?
A)Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
B)Correlated t-test
C)One-way ANOVA Repeated measures
D)Chi-Square
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

When both dependent and independent variables are measured in nominal scales, the appropriate statistical test is a chi-square test. Additionally, when using a within-subject design, a repeated measures design would be appropriate. Hence, the correct option is Chi-Square.

Question 16

In a one-way analysis of variance (repeated measures)the strength of the relationship is determined by: _____.
A)eta-squared
B)Tukey HSD test
C)inspection of the means
D)square root of total variance
E)none of these

Accepted Answer

Eta-squared is the measure of effect size in a one-way analysis of variance (repeated measures). It indicates the strength of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

Question 17

Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and has set his alpha level at .05 nondirectional.He reported the following: F(2,19)=6.99.Based on this information what can you conclude?
A)There was a significant difference between groups (reject null hypothesis)
B)There was no significant difference between groups (do not reject null hypothesis)
C)A type II error has been committed
D)There is a significant main effect of your independent variable
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and...

Question 18

A psychologist's is studying the affects of Ritalin on concentration in 40 children that have been matched on age and IQ.Twenty of the children receive Ritalin and are asked to take an exam that measures their concentration.The other 20 children did not receive Ritalin,but a placebo pill and took the same exam.After graphing this data,the researcher realizes that the data is not normally distributed.What should he do?
A)Increase your sample size
B)use a nonparametric test to analyze data
C)Give up and start over
D)Both a & b
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

The data is not normally distributed, so a nonparametric test should be used to analyze the data. Increasing the sample size will not make the data normally distributed. Giving up and starting over is not necessary.

Question 19

If one wishes to compare groups ranks,then a _____ method should be used.
A)parametric
B)nonparametric
C)either a parametric or a nonparametric
D)it depends on the number of levels of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric methods are appropriate for comparing group ranks as they do not make assumptions about the underlying population distribution of the data, and are robust to outliers. Parametric methods, on the other hand, assume normally distributed data and equal variances between groups, which may not be met in rank data. It does not depend on the number of levels of the independent variable.

Question 20

A psychologist's is studying the affects of Ritalin on concentration in 40 children that have been matched on age and IQ.Twenty of the children receive Ritalin and are asked to take an exam that measures their concentration.The other 20 children did not receive Ritalin,but a placebo pill and took the same exam.What statistical test is appropriate for this study?
A)Correlate t-test
B)Independent t-test
C)One-way ANOVA (between subjects)
D)ANOVA (repeated measures)
E)Two-way ANOVA (between subjects)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychologist's is studying the affects of...

Quiz 17: Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs

The reason(s) why a One-way ANOVA is used to compare 3 or more means and not several t-tests is because:

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is used when there is_____.

The F test for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate when the dependent variable is_in nature and measured on a level that approximates_level of measurement.

When the independent variable is quantitative and the dependent variable is qualitative,an appropriate method of data analysis could be

In the example above it was found that the higher your GPA is the higher you scored on the SAT which indicates_____.

In the example above if the researcher were able to reject the null hypothesis and state based on the color of the ice cream the ratings were different how would you determine the nature of the relationship?

When both of the variables under study are qualitative and between-subjects in nature,the appropriate method of data analysis is the

If group means are the focus of an analysis where the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,which of the following are further considerations which must be given before the type of test is chosen?

If you want to determine if GPA is correlated with SAT scores what test would you use?

Dr.James used a Pearson correlation and found that there was a relationship between the number of publications of faculty members and the number of graduate programs offered (r=.85) .To determine the nature of the relationship what should Dr.James do?

A parametric test should NOT be used in situations where

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,most researchers will NOT use a parametric test in situations where the dependent measure has only two or three values.

When the independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative,the choice of the appropriate method of data analysis depends on

What statistical test would you use if your dependent variable is measured on an nominal scale and your independent variable is measured on a nominal scale and you are using a within subject design?

In a one-way analysis of variance (repeated measures) the strength of the relationship is determined by: _____.

Dr.Hinson used a One-Way ANOVA,repeated measures and has set his alpha level at .05 nondirectional.He reported the following: F(2,19) =6.99.Based on this information what can you conclude?

If one wishes to compare groups ranks,then a _____ method should be used.