Question 1

Jayne eats a diet high in fruits,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This healthy diet is known as the _______ diet.

Accepted Answer

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and healthy fats like olive oil, and a low intake of red meat and dairy products. It has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.

Question 2

The term disease-prone personality refers to a person who

Accepted Answer

The term disease-prone personality refers to individuals who exhibit persistent negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, anger, and hostility, which have been linked to poor physical health outcomes. The other choices (A, B, D) do not necessarily relate to the concept of disease-prone personality.

Question 3

The healthiest people in a study of health-promoting behaviors reaped the benefits of which of the following diet and exercise plans?

Accepted Answer

Eating a Mediterranean diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats has been shown to promote overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Additionally, getting 30 minutes of moderate exercise three or four times a week has also been linked to improved health outcomes. The other options involve either too restrictive or unhealthy diets and/or excessive exercise, which can have negative effects on health in the long term.

Question 4

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming only

Accepted Answer

Moderation in drinking alcohol means consuming no more than one or two alcoholic drinks per day and remaining alcohol-free at least two or three days per week. This moderate drinking pattern has been associated with health benefits such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Consuming more than this amount may increase the risk of alcohol-related health problems such as liver disease, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

Question 5

The disease-prone personality is characterized by

Accepted Answer

The disease-prone personality is characterized by hostility. This personality type is associated with a higher risk of developing physical illness and negative health outcomes, likely due to the physiological effects of chronic stress on the body. People with high levels of hostility are more likely to have higher blood pressure, heart disease, and other health problems than those who are more calm and easy-going. Mania and extraversion are not specifically associated with increased risk of illness, and Type-B attributes are often associated with a more relaxed, easy-going personality that is not usually considered disease-prone.

Question 6

Jason has high blood pressure.Changes he can make to treat this lifestyle disease include

Accepted Answer

All of these choices are recommended for treating high blood pressure. Consuming less sodium can help reduce blood pressure, as can exercise and weight loss. Alcohol should be consumed in moderation as excessive drinking can increase blood pressure. Therefore, all of these lifestyle changes should be implemented to treat high blood pressure.

Question 7

Which type of personality is associated with a person being frequently ill and is marked by persistent negative emotions,including anxiety,hostility,and depression?

Accepted Answer

The disease-prone personality is characterized by a tendency to be frequently ill and marked by negative emotions like anxiety, hostility, and depression. This personality type may be more susceptible to illnesses and diseases due to their negative emotional and behavioral patterns.

Question 8

Which of the following include such obvious practices as getting regular exercise,controlling smoking and alcohol use,maintaining a balanced diet,getting good medical care,and managing stress?

Accepted Answer

The practices described in the question are health-promoting behaviors, which focus on positive actions individuals can take to improve their overall health and well-being. Refusal skills training (A) focuses on helping individuals resist negative peer pressure, such as refusing drugs or alcohol. Behavioral risk factors (B) refer to behaviors or habits that increase the likelihood of developing health problems, such as smoking or overeating. Life skills training (C) refers to educational programs that teach individuals important skills such as problem-solving, decision-making, and communication. While all of these choices are important for overall health, D is the best choice for the specific practices described in the question.

Question 9

Of those listed,which of the following risky behaviors showed the HIGHEST percentage among U.S.high school students?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of those listed,which of the following risky...

Question 10

Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly,rarely exercises,and has been smoking more. According to health psychologists,Megan is exhibiting a

Accepted Answer

Megan's behaviors and symptoms align with a disease-prone personality, which is characterized by patterns of thought, feeling, and action that may negatively affect physical health, such as depression, poor eating and sleeping habits, lack of exercise, and increased smoking.

Question 11

For adults who were careful about diet,alcohol,exercise,and smoking,their risk of dying was cut by what percent over a 10-year period?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For adults who were careful about diet,alcohol,exercise,and...

Question 12

To prevent disease,health psychologists first try to

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists primarily focus on behavioral risk factors as they can be modified through interventions such as health education, behavior change programs, and counseling. Genetic predispositions cannot be altered, and maintenance doses of medication are useful for treating existing conditions but not necessarily preventing them. Quarantines are a public health measure used to control the spread of contagious diseases but are not effective in preventing non-communicable diseases or addressing individual risk factors.

Question 13

Which of the following,in particular,is likely to damage health,since individuals with this condition tend to eat poorly,sleep poorly,rarely exercise,fail to use seat belts in cars,and smoke too much?

Accepted Answer

Depression is likely to damage health as individuals with this condition tend to exhibit poor eating habits, sleep poorly, exercise rarely, fail to use seat belts in cars, and smoke too much, which can lead to a range of health problems. Anxiety and pessimism may also contribute to poor health, but they are not as strongly associated with these unhealthy behaviors. Dissociative disorder is not directly linked to poor health behaviors but can cause significant impairments in daily functioning.

Question 14

Pneumonia and other infections occur at higher rates in people who have cancer,heart disease,lung disease,or liver disease,which illustrates that

Accepted Answer

Infections like pneumonia are more common in individuals with chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease, lung disease, or liver disease partly because these conditions can weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections. Additionally, the behaviors that contribute to the development of these chronic conditions, such as smoking, poor diet, and alcohol abuse, can also increase the risk of infections.

Question 15

People who smoke are also more likely to drink excessively,and people who overeat usually do not get enough exercise.These observations illustrate that

Accepted Answer

Unhealthy lifestyles almost always create multiple risks. The observations suggest that unhealthy behaviors tend to co-occur, making it important to address multiple health risks simultaneously for improved overall health outcomes. This is often referred to as the "syndemic" effect of health risks, where multiple health problems interact and make each other worse. It is also important to note that while genetics may play a role in some cases, unhealthy lifestyles are the primary cause of most health problems.

Question 16

According to a recent study,the healthiest people eat a diet high in fruit,vegetables,and fish,and low in red meat and dairy products.This diet is called the _______ diet.

Accepted Answer

The diet described in the statement is the Mediterranean diet, which is known to be healthy and beneficial for reducing the risk of chronic diseases. The other options (American, Asian, Hawaiian) do not necessarily fit the description of a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat and dairy products.

Question 17

Those who are compassionate,resourceful,optimistic,and non-hostile tend to have

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who possess these traits tend to have better mental and physical health. Compassion and optimism have been linked with lower levels of stress and anxiety, while resourcefulness allows individuals to find solutions to problems, reducing feelings of helplessness. Non-hostility is associated with lower levels of aggression and conflict, which can have positive effects on both physical and mental health. However, there is no evidence to suggest that possessing these traits leads to more money or sexual partners, and in fact, individuals who prioritize these things over compassion and optimism may be more likely to experience depression.

Question 18

Regarding lifestyle and health,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Most infectious diseases, such as the flu, can be prevented or reduced in severity through lifestyle choices such as handwashing and getting vaccinated. However, there are some infectious diseases that are not linked to behavioral risks, such as those caused by genetic or environmental factors.

Question 19

Of those listed,which of the following risky behaviors showed the LOWEST percentage among U.S.high school students?

Accepted Answer