Question 1

Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to relax all the major muscle groups in her body by assuming relaxed postures.Which relaxation training procedure is being used?​

Accepted Answer

Behavioral relaxation training involves learning to relax by assuming relaxed postures, which matches the description given in the scenario.

Question 2

The key to systematic desensitization is to:​

Accepted Answer

The key to systematic desensitization is maintaining relaxation while imagining the fear-producing stimulus. The individual is gradually exposed to the fear-producing stimulus in a hierarchy while staying relaxed through each step. This process helps reduce anxiety and fear responses. Maintaining relaxation is critical for the success of the technique.

Question 3

What function does the use of a cue word serve in progressive muscle relaxation?​

Accepted Answer

The cue word in progressive muscle relaxation becomes a conditioned stimulus that helps trigger the relaxation response.

Question 4

A therapist teaches an individual to decrease autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a slow rhythmic fashion.This type of breathing is referred to as ____________ breathing.​

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as deep breathing or abdominal breathing, involves slow and rhythmic contractions of the diaphragm muscle which aids in reducing autonomic arousal and promoting relaxation. Focused, systematic, and progressive breathing techniques are all valid techniques, but they do not specifically refer to the slow and rhythmic nature of diaphragmatic breathing.

Question 5

The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves ____________,and the operant behavior involves ____________.​

Accepted Answer

Fear and anxiety often elicit autonomic nervous system arousal, including increased heart rate, sweating, and shallow breathing. Respondent behavior involves the automatic physiological response to a feared stimulus. However, the operant behavior involves escape or avoidance behavior that occurs in response to the feared stimulus.

Question 6

Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying.The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.What procedure is the therapist using to decrease Barb's fear of flying?​

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using systematic desensitization, which is a type of behavioral therapy that involves gradually exposing the individual to anxiety-provoking stimuli while using relaxation techniques to decrease anxiety.

Question 7

Which relaxation procedure involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved?​

Accepted Answer

Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and relaxing the major muscle groups in the body in a systematic way to help achieve a relaxed state. Diaphragmatic breathing is a technique to control breathing, attention-focusing exercises involve focusing on a specific object or task, and in vivo desensitization is a technique used in exposure therapy to reduce anxiety related to a specific phobia or fear.

Question 8

Relaxation training procedures are used to:​

Accepted Answer

Relaxation training procedures are used to decrease autonomic arousal, such as reducing the heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. The goal is to achieve a state of mental and physical relaxation. Option A is incorrect because the goal of relaxation training is the opposite of producing bodily responses similar to autonomic arousal. Option C is incorrect because enhancing autonomic arousal would result in increased physiological arousal, which is the opposite of relaxation. Option D is incorrect because it contradicts the goal of relaxation training.

Question 9

Whenever Cindy sees a mouse,she experiences rapid heart rate,sweaty hands,and an upset stomach.The presence of the mouse is a(an)____________,and the unpleasant bodily response is a(an)____________.​

Accepted Answer

The presence of the mouse is a conditioned stimulus because it has become associated with a previous experience or learning, and the unpleasant bodily response is the conditioned response because it is a learned response to the conditioned stimulus. It is not an establishing operation, which is a term used in behavior analysis to describe a change in the environment that alters the value of a particular consequence, nor is it an unconditioned stimulus or response because those are natural, automatic responses to a stimulus. It is also not an operant response because it is not a behavior that is being performed to receive a specific consequence.

Question 10

John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room,and he leaves the crowded room to decrease his anxiety.John's behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is:​

Accepted Answer

John's behavior of leaving the crowded room is negatively reinforced because it removes the aversive feeling of anxiety, thereby increasing the likelihood of him repeating the same behavior in similar situations in the future.

Question 11

Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of heights.Zach learns to relax by focusing his attention on a pleasant stimulus,in order to remove his attention from the anxiety producing situation.In this example,Zach is using ____________ to produce relaxation.​

Accepted Answer

Zach is using attention-focusing exercises, which involve concentrating on a pleasant stimulus to divert attention from the anxiety-producing situation, thereby inducing relaxation. This technique does not necessarily involve the gradual exposure or behavioral training aspects of the other options.

Question 12

Bill experiences autonomic nervous system arousal whenever he is in an airplane.In behavior modification,autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled:​

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled anxiety.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true concerning fear?​

Accepted Answer

While understanding how the fear was conditioned can be helpful in overcoming the fear, it is not a requirement to do so. Therapy techniques such as exposure therapy can be used to reduce fear and phobias even without knowing exactly how the fear developed.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an attention-focusing procedure?​

Accepted Answer

Diaphragmatic breathing is a relaxation technique often used to reduce stress and anxiety, but it is not necessarily an attention-focusing procedure. Guided imagery, meditation, and hypnosis are all examples of attention-focusing procedures that involve directing and focusing the mind.

Question 15

Helen experiences so much anxiety when she is in public that she no longer leaves her house.When the level of anxiety and avoidance behavior severely disrupts an individual's life it is called a(an):​

Accepted Answer

This is a classic example of a phobia. A specific phobia is characterized by an excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, situation or activity that is generally harmless. In this case, Helen's fear of being in public has become so intense that she avoids leaving her house altogether, which is severely disrupting her life.

Question 16

Which of the following is a component of behavioral relaxation training?​

Accepted Answer

All of these options are components of behavioral relaxation training. Focusing on muscle tension involves systematically tensing and releasing different muscle groups to promote relaxation. Attention focusing involves directing attention away from stressful thoughts and onto a neutral or pleasant stimulus, such as the breath. Learning to breathe correctly involves deep, slow belly breathing to provide a physical cue for relaxation.

Question 17

Which of the following behaviors may function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems?​

Accepted Answer

Respondent behavior, such as exposure to a fear stimulus, can function as an establishing operation by increasing the likelihood of fear and anxiety responses. Escape and avoidance behaviors are considered operant behaviors that are maintained by negative reinforcement, whereas all behaviors are considered operant behaviors.

Question 18

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat ____________ behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat behaviors that are influenced by operant conditioning, respondent conditioning, and autonomic nervous system responses. These procedures can address the learned aspects of fear and anxiety across these different domains.

Question 19

Whenever Amy sees a dog,she experiences unpleasant bodily responses (rapid heart beat,upset stomach,and sweaty hands)and engages in escape behavior (runs away).In behavior modification,Amy's operant and respondent behavior is referred to as:​

Accepted Answer

Amy's bodily responses and escape behavior indicate that she is experiencing fear in response to seeing dogs. This fear is a respondent behavior, meaning it is an automatic physiological response to a specific stimulus (in this case, dogs). Her escape behavior is an operant behavior, meaning it is a behavior that is influenced by the consequences that follow it (in this case, the relief Amy feels from escaping the situation). Therefore, Amy's behavior is referred to as fear in behavior modification.

Question 20

All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except:​

Accepted Answer

Punishment is not an effective procedure for reducing fear and anxiety problems. It may even exacerbate them by increasing the perception of threat or danger. The other three options are effective approaches to addressing fear and anxiety, as they involve teaching relaxation skills, gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli, and reinforcement of calm behavior.

Quiz 24: A: Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures

Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to relax all the major muscle groups in her body by assuming relaxed postures.Which relaxation training procedure is being used?

The key to systematic desensitization is to:

What function does the use of a cue word serve in progressive muscle relaxation?

A therapist teaches an individual to decrease autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a slow rhythmic fashion.This type of breathing is referred to as ____________ breathing.

The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves ,and the operant behavior involves .

Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying.The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.What procedure is the therapist using to decrease Barb's fear of flying?

Which relaxation procedure involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved?

Relaxation training procedures are used to:

Whenever Cindy sees a mouse,she experiences rapid heart rate,sweaty hands,and an upset stomach.The presence of the mouse is a(an) ,and the unpleasant bodily response is a(an) .

John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room,and he leaves the crowded room to decrease his anxiety.John's behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is:

Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of heights.Zach learns to relax by focusing his attention on a pleasant stimulus,in order to remove his attention from the anxiety producing situation.In this example,Zach is using ____________ to produce relaxation.

Bill experiences autonomic nervous system arousal whenever he is in an airplane.In behavior modification,autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled:

Which of the following is NOT true concerning fear?

Which of the following is NOT an attention-focusing procedure?

Helen experiences so much anxiety when she is in public that she no longer leaves her house.When the level of anxiety and avoidance behavior severely disrupts an individual's life it is called a(an) :

Which of the following is a component of behavioral relaxation training?

Which of the following behaviors may function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems?

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat ____________ behavior.

Whenever Amy sees a dog,she experiences unpleasant bodily responses (rapid heart beat,upset stomach,and sweaty hands) and engages in escape behavior (runs away) .In behavior modification,Amy's operant and respondent behavior is referred to as:

All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except: