Question 1

Activities such as jogging or swimming are forms of:

Accepted Answer

Jogging and swimming are both forms of aerobic exercise, which involve continuous, rhythmic movements that increase the heart rate and breathing rate. Aerobic exercise helps to improve cardiovascular health, endurance, and overall physical fitness. Mindfulness training, relaxation, and biofeedback are all different techniques for reducing stress and promoting relaxation, but they are not forms of exercise.

Question 2

Bryson was encouraged by a supportive network of friends following a serious business setback.Research suggests that this social support was likely to improve Bryson's health by reducing his:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that social support can lower blood pressure, which can improve overall health. Social support has also been linked to better immune functioning and increased oxytocin levels, but these are not as directly related to reducing negative effects of stress as lower blood pressure. An internal locus of control refers to someone who believes they have control over their own life, and is not related to social support.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of biofeedback?

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback involves using electronic or mechanical instruments to provide individuals with information about their physiological processes or responses, which they can then use to learn self-regulation techniques. In this example, Milos is provided with information about the tension levels in his forehead muscles, and then uses that information to consciously decrease the tension, demonstrating the use of biofeedback. The other choices do not involve the use of biofeedback.

Question 4

Biofeedback is a system for:

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback involves measuring subtle physiological responses, such as heart rate or muscle tension, using electronic instruments and then feeding that information back to the user in real-time, allowing them to learn how to regulate these responses.

Question 5

The short-term effects of confiding painful feelings may be arousal,but in the long term,talking about painful stress-producing experiences calms us by:

Accepted Answer

Talking about painful stress-producing experiences helps reduce activity in our limbic system, which is responsible for triggering the stress response. This can lead to a sense of calm and relief in the long term.

Question 6

Compared with pessimists,optimists have ________ life expectancy,and they approach death with a feeling of ________ life satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that optimists have a longer life expectancy and approach death with a feeling of greater life satisfaction compared to pessimists. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 7

Aviad,a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality,recently suffered a serious heart attack.To prevent a recurrence,Aviad would probably benefit most from:

Accepted Answer

Aviad, being a Type A personality, needs to learn to manage his stress levels and relax more. Relaxation training can help him achieve this and reduce the risk of another heart attack. Massage therapy and pain-control medication may have some benefits, but they are not as effective in addressing the underlying issue of stress management. Early retirement may not be necessary unless specific job-related stressors are identified as contributing to the heart attack.

Question 8

Relaxation procedures have been found to reduce:

Accepted Answer

Research has found that relaxation procedures, such as deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation, can significantly reduce symptoms of depression. They have also been found to reduce anxiety and stress levels.

Question 9

Alyssa is feeling anxious and stressed.Which of the following would most effectively boost her mood by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine,serotonin,and the endorphins?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase the availability of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and endorphins, which can improve mood and reduce anxiety and stress. Biofeedback, relaxation training, and mindfulness meditation may also be helpful for reducing anxiety and stress, but they may not directly increase neurotransmitter availability.

Question 10

Aerobic exercise is associated with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aerobic exercise is associated with:
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Question 11

People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of:

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that people who laugh a lot exhibit lower levels of stress hormones and inflammation, which are both risk factors for heart disease. There is no research that suggests laughing affects the incidence of cancer or coping strategies.

Question 12

One seven-decade-long study found that at age 50,healthy aging was better predicted by ________ than by a low cholesterol level.

Accepted Answer

The study found that a good marriage was better predicted for healthy aging at age 50 than a low cholesterol level.

Question 13

Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________.

Accepted Answer

The study found that mild depressed female college students who participated in a program of aerobic exercise reported a greater decrease in depression than those who participated in a program of relaxation exercises. This suggests that physical activity may be an effective intervention for reducing symptoms of depression.

Question 14

Evidence suggests that ________ may foster neurogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that aerobic exercise can increase the production of BDNF, a protein that plays a role in promoting the growth and survival of neurons. This increase in BDNF levels has been linked to the formation of new neurons in the hippocampus, a region important for learning and memory.

Question 15

Which of the following is most likely to foster stronger immune functioning?

Accepted Answer

Social support has been found to have a positive impact on immune functioning, as it can reduce stress and provide emotional support. Having an external locus of control is not likely to impact immune functioning. Type A personality and increased cortisol levels are associated with higher levels of stress, which can actually have a negative impact on immune functioning.

Question 16

Compared with their distressed counterparts from individualist cultures,distressed people from collectivist cultures are _______ likely to seek social support and _______ likely to confide in others regarding their personal struggles.

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals often prioritize group harmony and may avoid burdening others with personal issues, making them less likely to seek social support and confide in others.

Question 17

Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in:

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have indicated that regular aerobic exercise, such as running and cycling, can have a significant positive impact on mental health, including reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Question 18

Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had:

Accepted Answer

Keeping the abuse a secret can have negative effects on mental and physical health, leading to health problems in the long run.

Question 19

A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their:

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback is a technique that involves using electronic monitoring devices to provide clients with information about their physiological processes, such as muscle tension, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. This information can then be used to help clients learn to regulate these processes and improve their overall health and well-being. Therefore, the most likely option is muscle tension (Option C). The other options are not typically assessed using biofeedback.

Question 20

One genetic marker of an optimistic personality style is a gene that enhances levels of the hormone:

Accepted Answer

The genetic marker of an optimistic personality style is a gene that enhances levels of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin is often referred to as the "love hormone" and is associated with social bonding, trust, and positive emotions. Research has shown that individuals with higher levels of oxytocin tend to have more positive attitudes and outlooks on life, as well as better relationships and social support networks.

Quiz 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing