Question 1

Britain's cotton industry was a direct result of the tariffs protecting the British wool industry,which prohibited imports of Indian cottons.

Accepted Answer

The tariffs on Indian cottons gave a boost to the British cotton industry, which was able to compete without foreign competition.

Question 2

The first modern railway connected Stockton to Manchester to transport coal from the mines.

Accepted Answer

The first modern railway in England connected Stockton to Darlington in 1825 to transport coal from the mines. The railway connecting Stockton to Manchester came later.

Question 3

An average house in the United States today contains approximately 1,500 to 2,000 square feet.In Leeds,England,in the 1840s,an average house contained _________ square feet for an entire family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An average house in the United States...

Question 4

Children commonly worked from a very young age; in Britain more than 50,000 worked in:

Accepted Answer

Children commonly worked in mines during the Industrial Revolution, with some starting as young as four years old. This was particularly prevalent in Britain where child labor laws were not enforced until much later.

Question 5

Queen Victoria of England ascended to the throne in 1837 and became one of the country's most successful monarchs,in no small measure because she:

Accepted Answer

Queen Victoria embodied the traits and values that were important to the middle class in Victorian times, such as thrift, hard work, and moral responsibility. She also acted as a moral leader, promoting family values and a strong sense of duty to one's country. As a result, she was widely respected and admired by her subjects, and her reign came to be known as the Victorian era.

Question 6

Illegitimacy in preindustrial Europe was in the very low single digits but rose significantly-to 25 and 33 percent in some countries-following industrialization.A primary cause of this was:

Accepted Answer

The degeneration of social controls that were present in villages but not in urban centers was a significant cause of the rise in illegitimacy rates. In preindustrial Europe, village communities had strong social controls and stigmatized illegitimate births, forcing people to conform to societal norms. However, with industrialization, people migrated to urban centers where there were weaker social controls and anonymity. Furthermore, the breakdown of traditional social structures in cities made it easier for people to have extramarital affairs and conceive out of wedlock.

Question 7

Many nineteenth-century doctors and scientists attributed women's supposed moral superiority to their:

Accepted Answer

Many nineteenth-century doctors and scientists believed that women's lack of sexual feeling, or passionlessness, contributed to their supposed moral superiority. This belief was rooted in the Victorian era's emphasis on sexual purity and repression.

Question 8

While the spinning mule could make two to three hundred times as much thread as a hand spinner could,the quality of the new thread was weaker and thicker.

Accepted Answer

The spinning mule produced thread that was finer and stronger than that produced by hand spinning, not weaker and thicker.

Question 9

Most prostitutes were women who were trying to manage during a period of unemployment,rather than professional sex workers.

Accepted Answer

Many women turned to prostitution as a source of income during times of economic hardship, and were not necessarily professional sex workers.

Question 10

As a result of the Industrial Revolution,people of the nineteenth century viewed one another through the lens of:

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes in social and economic structures, leading to the emergence of distinct social classes. People began to view each other through the lens of class position rather than birth, wealth, religion, or national origin. The working class emerged as a new social group, and distinctions between the working class and middle/upper classes became more marked. The growth of factories meant that workers were now defined not just by their occupation but also by their class position. Hence, class became the central criterion for determining one's social standing in the nineteenth century.

Question 11

The sexuality of working-class women was:

Accepted Answer

Working-class women often lived in cramped conditions with little privacy, which could affect their sexual behavior and attitudes. Poverty could also lead some women to engage in sex work or to have relationships with men solely for financial support. These factors would set the sexuality of working-class women apart from that of middle-class women, making option B incorrect. Middle-class reformers were often concerned with regulating the sexuality of working-class women, making option C incorrect. There is no evidence to suggest that urban or rural settings affected the sexuality of working-class women in a uniform way, making options D and E incorrect.

Question 12

The French novelist _________ scandalized society by dressing like a man,smoking cigars,and writing about independent women who thwarted convention and unhappy marriages.

Accepted Answer

The description matches George Sand (pseudonym for Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin), who lived in France during the 19th century and was known for her unconventional behavior and feminist views, which were expressed in her writing. The other choices are not known for dressing like a man, smoking cigars, or writing extensively about independent women.

Question 13

Only after a series of factory acts was the employment of children in mines and mills under the age of eighteen made illegal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Only after a series of factory acts...

Question 14

Of all the changes produced by the Industrial Revolution,perhaps the most revolutionary was in the new forms of energy that were discovered.

Accepted Answer

The industrial revolution brought about significant advancements in energy production and utilization, including the development of steam power, the widespread use of coal, and later the discovery of electricity. These innovations revolutionized industries and transportation, and paved the way for further technological advancements in the modern era.

Question 15

In 1860,the largest single occupational category in Great Britain was the agricultural laborer.

Accepted Answer

This is true according to census data from 1861. About 22% of the population worked in agriculture, and the majority of those were agricultural laborers.

Question 16

The Industrial Revolution caused changes in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution did not have a direct impact on the philosophical foundations of scientific culture as this was already established prior to the revolution. However, it did lead to advancements in science and technology which furthered these foundations.

Question 17

The Industrial Revolution led to the development of a great many capital-intensive enterprises,new ways of organizing people's labor,and the rapid growth of cities.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution indeed resulted in the emergence of capital-intensive enterprises, new methods of labor organization, and the burgeoning of cities due to the influx of people to urban areas in search of job opportunities.

Question 18

What determined the division of the working class into subgroups?

Accepted Answer

The division of the working class into subgroups was determined by a combination of factors, including skills, wages, and gender. Different industries and workplaces required different skills, and those with higher skills or more specialized knowledge often commanded higher wages. Additionally, gender played a significant role in determining job opportunities and wages, with women often relegated to lower-paying, less skilled jobs.

Question 19

The Industrial Revolution intensified human labor much more often than it eased it.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution brought about new technologies and machines that increased productivity but also required long working hours and dangerous working conditions, intensifying human labor rather than easing it.

Question 20

Railways were constructed almost entirely without aid of machinery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Railways were constructed almost entirely without aid...

Quiz 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society