Question 1

As compared with his wife,Jane,Jim is at an increased risk for developing a disorder that involves external symptoms.Which of the following is NOT one of those disorders?

Accepted Answer

Inhibited sexual desire is a disorder that involves internal symptoms, such as lack of sexual desire or interest, and is not considered an external symptom. The other options, alcohol use disorder, antisocial conduct, and lack of impulse control, all involve external symptoms that can be observed or noticed by others.

Question 2

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder,individuals are most likely to

Accepted Answer

During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are likely to experience high levels of energy and overactivity, often to the point of recklessness. They may engage in impulsive behaviors and have difficulty sleeping due to their heightened state of arousal. This is not associated with a negative explanatory style or feelings of grief and despair, which are commonly associated with depression. Learned helplessness is a concept associated with depression, not mania.

Question 3

Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)

Accepted Answer

Depression is often accompanied by negative cognitive biases, such as increased expectation of negative outcomes. This can lead individuals to interpret events and situations in a negative light, perpetuating their depressive symptoms. Decrease in self-focused thinking, increased externalization of blame, and increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure are not typically associated with depression.

Question 4

George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense,creative energy.Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of

Accepted Answer

Many historians believe that Handel suffered from bipolar disorder, based on descriptions of his behaviors and moods during his life. During the composition of Messiah, he exhibited signs of hypomania, such as increased productivity, insomnia, and grandiosity. This supports the theory that he had bipolar disorder rather than major depression, dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder, all of which are characterized by prolonged periods of low mood and decreased energy.

Question 5

At different seasons of the year,one survey asked North Americans "Have you cried today?" The percentage who said "yes" was highest in

Accepted Answer

December is typically associated with the holiday season, which can evoke a range of emotions, including feelings of happiness, joy, and nostalgia. This may contribute to a higher likelihood of individuals crying during this time of the year. Additionally, December can also be a time of heightened stress and pressure, with the end of the year approaching and various deadlines to meet, which may also lead to an increase in emotional expression such as crying.

Question 6

When an individual is overexcited,hyperactive,and wildly optimistic they may be in a state of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are characteristic of a manic episode, which is a hallmark feature of bipolar disorder. Dysthymia and persistent depressive disorder are types of depression but do not involve manic episodes. Rumination is a common symptom of depression but does not involve the overexcited, hyperactive, and optimistic state described in the question.

Question 7

Severe,d8ebilitating depression is to ________ as chronic,low-grade depression is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Severe, debilitating depression is most commonly associated with major depressive disorder, while chronic, low-grade depression is typically associated with persistent depressive disorder (previously called dysthymia). Choice A is incorrect because mania is a completely different condition characterized by episodes of elevated or irritable mood. Choice B is incorrect because disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is typically diagnosed in children and adolescents who have frequent temper outbursts and irritability, rather than chronic depression. Choice D is incorrect because bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of both depression and mania, rather than chronic low-grade depression alone.

Question 8

Samantha,a wife and mother of three,who also has a full-time job,has recently been diagnosed with depression.Which of the following is NOT likely to be associated with her depression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Samantha,a wife and mother of three,who also...

Question 9

Fifteen-year-old Deshawn is persistently irritable and has frequent angry outbursts when playing with his friends.According to the DSM-5,Deshawn is likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Deshawn's symptoms of persistent irritability and frequent angry outbursts are characteristic of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, which is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents who display chronic and severe irritability and temper outbursts. Major depressive disorder and mania involve different symptoms, and persistent mood disorder is not a recognized diagnosis in the DSM-5.

Question 10

Carla has worked as a human resources specialist for several years,but she doesn't really like the job.She almost always feels slightly down and sad,which is characteristic of the psychological disorder called

Accepted Answer

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), previously known as dysthymia, is characterized by a chronic state of depression that lasts for years. Individuals with PDD might not experience the intense symptoms of major depressive disorder but often feel slightly down or sad most of the time, which aligns with Carla's feelings towards her job and general state.

Question 11

Persistent depressive disorder,or dysthymia,is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia is defined as a depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. While suicide may be a concern for individuals with dysthymia, it is not a defining characteristic. Emotional volatility is not typically associated with dysthymia. Seasonal patterns of depression are more commonly seen in seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Question 12

Willa is stressed by the death of a friend,she constantly ruminates about the fact that she is overweight,and she much more easily recalls her academic failures than her many academic successes.These factors are most likely to place Willa at a high level of risk for

Accepted Answer

Willa's stress and negative self-talk suggest symptoms of major depressive disorder. The death of her friend, weight concerns, and focus on academic failures are all potential triggers for depression.

Question 13

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among

Accepted Answer

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among preadolescent children. Before puberty, boys and girls experience depression at roughly the same rate. The divergence in depression rates between genders becomes more pronounced during adolescence and adulthood.

Question 14

Elmer,the owner of an auto service station,suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customers' cars.When asked why,he excitedly explained that he was transforming the cars into "real racing machines." When an employee tried to restrain him,he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows.Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Elmer's sudden and extreme behavior of smashing cars and shouting angrily indicates symptoms of mania. Mania is a state of elevated, euphoric, or irritable mood, and hyperactive behavior, which can lead to impulsive actions and irrational decision-making.

Question 15

Between 1994 and 2003,there was a 40-fold increase in the number of people under age 20 diagnosed each year with

Accepted Answer

Between 1994 and 2003, there was a 40-fold increase in the number of people under age 20 diagnosed each year with bipolar disorder.

Question 16

The DSM-5's new category of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder will likely

Accepted Answer

The creation of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in DSM-5 is intended to reduce the number of child and adolescent bipolar diagnoses, as some clinicians had been over-diagnosing bipolar disorder in children who exhibited symptoms such as irritability and mood swings, which could be consistent with multiple conditions. Therefore, the inclusion of a distinct disorder for these symptoms may help to more accurately diagnose and treat children and reduce the number of incorrect bipolar diagnoses.

Question 17

A seasonal pattern of symptoms is most likely to be a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Seasonal patterns of symptoms, such as feeling depressed during the winter months and better during the summer months, are a characteristic of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), which is a type of depressive disorder. Learned helplessness, a negative explanatory style, and rumination are not necessarily associated with seasonal patterns of symptoms.

Question 18

Melissa has been depressed for the last month.Suddenly she has become euphoric and hyperactive,and she runs around the apartment complex claiming that she alone could solve the world's energy problems.Melissa is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Melissa's sudden euphoria and hyperactivity followed by grandiose delusions suggests that she is experiencing a manic episode, which is a hallmark symptom of bipolar disorder.

Question 19

The number-one reason people seek mental health services is

Accepted Answer

Depression is the most common mental health disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. It can cause feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. Many individuals seek mental health services to help manage their symptoms of depression. Bipolar disorder and mania are also common reasons for seeking mental health services, but they are not as prevalent as depression. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a relatively new diagnosis and is not as commonly diagnosed as depression or bipolar disorder.

Question 20

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?

Accepted Answer

People with bipolar disorder experience alternating periods of depression and manic episodes, characterized by excessive energy, euphoria, and impulsive behavior. This is different from persistent depressive disorder, which involves chronic but less severe symptoms of depression, or major depressive disorder, which involves a single period of severe depression. Seasonal pattern of depression refers to depression occurring only during certain seasons.

Quiz 50: Mood Disorders