Question 1

Before leaving her home,Margaret makes sure that every electrical appliance is unplugged and checks that every window and door is securely locked.She checks everything 17 times according to a strict ritual that she has worked out.If she misses one window,door,or appliance,she must begin all over again.If she tries to skip any step of the ritual,she experiences unbearable anxiety.Margaret is probably suffering from

Accepted Answer

Margaret's behavior is consistent with obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts or images (obsessions) that lead to repetitive, ritualistic behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing harm. Margaret's need for precise symmetry and repeated checking behaviors, as well as her intense anxiety when unable to complete or skip a step in her ritual, suggest OCD.

Question 2

After Charles Darwin began suffering panic disorder,he lived in relative seclusion and traveled only in his wife's company.His panic disorder was apparently accompanied by

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is characterized by fear of situations or places that might cause panic, helplessness or embarrassment. Darwin's fear of traveling alone and living in seclusion suggest agoraphobia.

Question 3

Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and savor the joy of each new day best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological changes that can occur in response to a traumatic event or challenge, such as overcoming cancer. This can include a renewed appreciation for life and relationships, which could manifest as a fresh delight in one's children and savoring the joy of each day. Stimulus generalization refers to the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to a previously learned response, epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression due to environmental factors, and hypervigilance refers to a heightened state of alertness and awareness due to a perceived threat. None of these concepts directly relate to the described situation of cancer survivors finding joy in their children.

Question 4

Malik has an irrational fear of dogs.He refuses to visit friends with dogs or watch television programs with dogs,and he takes a very specific route when running in order to avoid dogs.Malik suffers from

Accepted Answer

Malik's fear is irrational, specific to dogs, and it significantly impacts his daily life. These symptoms are characteristics of a specific phobia. Posttraumatic stress disorder is typically related to a traumatic event, and there is no indication that Malik has experienced such an event. Social anxiety disorder involves fear or anxiety in social situations, which is not the case for Malik. Agoraphobia involves fear or avoidance of situations where escape may be difficult, which is not applicable to Malik's fear of dogs.

Question 5

Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life-threatening experience are symptoms most commonly associated with

Accepted Answer

Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories are two of the core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized by anxiety and avoidance behaviors following exposure to or witnessing a traumatic event. Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks, agoraphobia is characterized by fear and avoidance of certain situations or places, and generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by chronic worry and anxiety about everyday situations.

Question 6

Ravi brushes his teeth 18 times a day.Each time,he uses exactly 83 strokes up and 83 strokes down.After he eats,he must brush twice with two different brands of toothpaste.Ravi suffers from

Accepted Answer

Ravi's behavior of brushing his teeth 18 times a day and using a specific number of strokes each time indicates that he may have obsessive-compulsive disorder, a mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts or obsessions, and repetitive behaviors or compulsions, done to alleviate anxiety or distress associated with these thoughts. Ravi's need to brush twice with different brands of toothpaste after eating could be seen as a compulsion related to a specific ritual or fear.

Question 7

Catherine was home alone one evening when someone broke into her home and robbed her.While this experience was traumatizing,she feels she has become a stronger person because of it.She is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Catherine's experience of becoming stronger after enduring a traumatic event is an example of posttraumatic growth, which refers to positive psychological changes that can occur in the aftermath of trauma. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive thoughts, and specific phobias are all negative outcomes that can result from trauma, but they do not reflect the positive growth and resilience that Catherine appears to have developed.

Question 8

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome.

Question 9

Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to get to his office each workday.Jeremy appears to suffer from

Accepted Answer

Jeremy's fear of taking the elevator is specific to a particular situation or object, which is characteristic of a specific phobia. Posttraumatic stress disorder involves experiencing anxiety and flashbacks after experiencing a traumatic event, social anxiety disorder involves fear and avoidance of social situations, and obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive, obsessive thoughts and compulsions. None of these disorders fit Jeremy's symptoms as described in the scenario.

Question 10

The social withdrawal,jumpy anxiety,and numbness of feeling experienced by survivors of life-threatening tornados,for example,best illustrates symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with those experienced by individuals with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a common reaction to experiencing or witnessing life-threatening events such as natural disasters like tornados. DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) involves the presence of multiple distinct identities or personalities within an individual, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) involves difficulty with attention and hyperactivity, and OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) involves persistent, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. None of these disorders directly relate to the symptoms described in the question.

Question 11

While driving to work Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant.Throughout the day,the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head.Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of

Accepted Answer

An obsession is defined as persistent and uncontrollable thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced repeatedly, intrusive, and unwanted. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune associated with the advertisement is best explained as an obsession.

Question 12

Chelsea worries constantly that her son will be infected with germs when someone touches him.She has developed elaborate handwashing rituals so that she won't infect him,and she will not allow others to hold,talk,or play with him unless she can supervise as they wash their hands with a "special" soap.Chelsea is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Chelsea's constant worry about germs, development of elaborate rituals to prevent infection, and difficulty allowing others to interact with her son without controlling the handwashing process all indicate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 13

Ron has recovered from a bullet wound that he suffered as an innocent bystander during a violent bank robbery.But he has begun to experience trouble sleeping,is easily startled,and feels increasingly detached from his family and friends.Ron is most clearly showing symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Ron is showing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, which is a mental health condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. His difficulty sleeping, being easily startled, and feeling detached from others are all common symptoms of PTSD.

Question 14

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is an example of a compulsion, which is a behavior, while repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is an example of an obsession, which is a thought.

Question 15

The capacity to recover from traumatic stressful experiences best illustrates survivor

Accepted Answer

Resiliency refers to the ability to bounce back and recover from difficult experiences, such as trauma or stress. Survivorship also implies the ability to persevere through challenging circumstances, which fits with the idea of resiliency. A, C, and D are not directly related to the concept of recovering from traumatic experiences.

Question 16

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Phobias are defined as a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation. This fear is typically disproportionate to any actual danger posed by the object or situation, and results in significant distress or impairment in daily functioning.

Question 17

Although the DSM-5 classifies posttraumatic stress disorder separately from disorders such as panic disorder,this disorder does involve

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves intense feelings of anxiety, fear, and distress that are triggered by reminders of a traumatic event. These symptoms can also lead to physiological arousal, such as a rapid heart rate and sweating. While PTSD may share some symptoms with phobias and agoraphobia, it is primarily an anxiety disorder that is characterized by a specific traumatic event as the trigger for the symptoms. OCD may also involve anxiety, but PTSD is not classified as an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, the best choice is D) anxiety.

Question 18

Compulsions are best described as

Accepted Answer

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules.

Question 19

Although experiencing severely traumatic events may lead to PTSD,it is also likely to lead to

Accepted Answer

While trauma can lead to PTSD and other mental health disorders, it can also lead some individuals to develop increased personal strength, resilience, and post-traumatic growth. This growth may manifest in new insights, better coping mechanisms, and a greater appreciation for life.

Question 20

Compared with nonsmokers,smokers have at least a doubled risk of experiencing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with nonsmokers,smokers have at least a...

Quiz 49: Dissociative and Personality Disorders