Question 1

Neo-Freudians placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians, such as Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney, placed greater emphasis on the conscious mind and social factors than Freud did. They saw personality development as not solely determined by unconscious conflicts and instincts but also influenced by the individual's conscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as well as their social environment.

Question 2

Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.He is most clearly demonstrating the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Frank is engaging in the defense mechanism of denial, which involves refusing to acknowledge a painful or unpleasant reality even when it is clear to others.

Question 3

Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of an inferiority complex?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler introduced the concept of an inferiority complex as a central element in his theory of individual psychology. He believed that feelings of inferiority and inadequacy motivate individuals to strive for superiority and success in order to compensate for these perceived shortcomings.

Question 4

Using the defense mechanism of projection,a person experiences an internal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the defense mechanism of projection,a person...

Question 5

Projection refers to the process by which people

Accepted Answer

Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone or something else. This is a way to avoid facing one's own unconscious impulses.

Question 6

Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis on social interactions in personality development than Freud, who focused more on unconscious drives and conflicts.

Question 7

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding,Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers.Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Fred's behavior illustrates displacement, a defense mechanism where negative emotions are redirected from the original source (in this case, the police officer or the situation of receiving a ticket) to a safer or more convenient target (his wife).

Question 8

Who agreed with Freud that childhood is important but added that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security?

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney agreed with Freud that childhood is important, but she added that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security, which she felt was a more important motivator than Freud's emphasis on sexuality.

Question 9

Freud believed that our repressed impulses express themselves in

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, our repressed impulses can manifest in different forms such as dreams, slips of the tongue (also known as Freudian slips), and jokes. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of these forms.

Question 10

Denial is a defense mechanism that involves

Accepted Answer

Denial is a defense mechanism in which an individual refuses to accept or even acknowledge a painful reality. This can be seen as a way to protect oneself from the anxiety, fear, or distress that may come with accepting the truth.

Question 11

As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her,Amity began,with apparent sincerity,to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents.Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Amity's behavior of expressing admiration for her abusive parents despite their mistreatment towards her is an example of reaction formation, a defense mechanism in which a person responds in a way that is completely opposite to their true feelings or desires as a means of unconsciously protecting themselves from anxiety or guilt.

Question 12

Unconsciously motivated by miserliness,Mr.Rioja refused his son's request for money to buy the books he needs for school.In defending his actions,Mr.Rioja explained that "parental financial aid prevents teenagers from developing into mature,independent adults." Mr.Rioja's explanation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Mr. Rioja is providing a justification or excuse for his refusal to give his son money for textbooks. The justification is not based on the actual reason for his refusal, which is his miserliness, but rather an idea that parental financial aid prevents teenagers from becoming mature and independent adults. This is an example of rationalization, which is when someone provides a logical, but false, explanation for their behavior or feelings.

Question 13

A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense expressions of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of one's own unacceptable feelings or beliefs in an exaggerated manner. In this scenario, the religious leader is attempting to overcome his hidden doubts by expressing intense spiritual certainty, which is an exaggerated version of his hidden doubts.

Question 14

Although Eduardo has repressed his own homosexual desires,he is distressed by a false suspicion that many men frequently stare lustfully at his body.According to psychoanalytic theory,Eduardo's thinking best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto someone else. In this case, Eduardo is projecting his own repressed homosexual desires onto other men by falsely suspecting that they are staring lustfully at him.

Question 15

Julie reported that she had a dream in which she was chased by a large dog.According to Freud,Julie's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

Accepted Answer

The manifest content of a dream is the actual storytelling of the dream, such as the events, characters, and actions one experiences during the dream. In this case, Julie's description of being chased by a large dog is the manifest content of her dream.

Question 16

Displacement refers to the process by which people

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism where a person redirects their aggressive or sexual impulses towards less threatening targets. This allows the person to express their emotions without the fear of unpleasant consequences, such as punishment or rejection.

Question 17

A habitual drinker who says she drinks with her friends "just to be sociable" best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Rationalization is the process of making excuses or justifications for behaviors that are potentially harmful or unacceptable. In this case, the habitual drinker is saying that she drinks with her friends "just to be sociable" as a way to rationalize her drinking behavior.

Question 18

Freud believed that the latent content of dreams was

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the latent content of dreams was repressed. According to his theory, the latent content represents unconscious desires and wishes that are hidden from the conscious mind.

Question 19

Which defense mechanism involves expressing feelings that are the exact opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings?

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation involves expressing feelings and behaviors that are the opposite of one's anxious or unconscious feelings. For example, someone who is unconsciously attracted to the same gender may exhibit strong negative attitudes and behaviors towards the same gender as a way of convincing themselves and others that they are not gay or lesbian.

Question 20

Freud referred to the remembered story line of a dream as its

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the manifest content of a dream was the remembered story line, or the explicit images and events that we recall upon waking.

Quiz 45: Humanistic Perspective