Question 1

An unlikable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities,and a likable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about how an unlikable (negative) person and a likable (positive) person are perceived before and after a group discussion about their qualities. Choice C is the best option because an unlikable person is likely to be perceived even more negatively after a group discussion, while a likable person is likely to be perceived even more positively after a group discussion.

Question 2

Shanda has become more committed to reducing police violence after participating in Internet discussion groups.Because of her beliefs,she refuses to read any articles supporting police actions.Shanda's beliefs were strengthened as a result of

Accepted Answer

Shanda's beliefs were made more extreme and rigid due to exposure to similar opinions within the Internet discussion groups, which is a characteristic of group polarization. She now refuses to read articles that contradict her beliefs, indicating a high level of commitment to her group's ideas. Groupthink refers to a phenomenon where group members prioritize agreement over critical thinking, and social loafing and diffusion of responsibility deal with reduced individual effort or accountability in a group setting, neither of which apply to Shanda's situation.

Question 3

Nolan is working with two other students on a class project.He is aware that the class is important to the others because it is a pre-med requirement;for his major,the class is unimportant.So,Nolan figures that they can do most of the work and he will do only what he has to.Nolan is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Nolan is exhibiting social loafing - the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group task compared to when working alone, believing that their contribution is not crucial. This behavior is common when individuals believe their personal outcome is not affected by the group’s outcome (like Nolan).

Question 4

Which of the following is LEAST likely to create deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the psychological state in which individuals lose their sense of individual identity and become more immersed within a group. This is often associated with increased anonymity, emotional arousal, and reduced self-awareness. However, taking a video of the event would heighten an individual's self-awareness, making it less likely to create deindividuation.

Question 5

An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is the tendency for a group to reach an agreement without critically evaluating the information and alternatives. This is often driven by a strong desire for group harmony and the avoidance of conflict or dissenting opinions. Therefore, an overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of groupthink. Social facilitation refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better in the presence of others, while social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group setting. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon is a persuasive technique in which compliance with a small request increases the likelihood of compliance with a larger request.

Question 6

Group polarization refers to

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when a group's prevailing attitudes become more extreme after group discussion. This can happen because people tend to seek out and listen to information that confirms their existing beliefs, causing them to become more entrenched in those beliefs. As group members discuss the topic, they may hear arguments and evidence that support their views, leading them to become even more convinced. This can result in a more extreme position for the group as a whole.

Question 7

Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.

Accepted Answer

Increased self-awareness has been shown to reduce deindividuation, which is the loss of individual identity and accountability in a group setting. In contrast, anonymity can increase deindividuation and lead to social loafing or groupthink, which are negative group behaviors.

Question 8

Social loafing is most likely to be observed in

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that social loafing is more predominant in Western cultures like the United States, compared to Eastern cultures like China and Japan where collectivism values are emphasized. However, it is important to note that individual differences and contextual factors can also impact the occurrence of social loafing.

Question 9

Professors Maksoud,Struthers,and Vasic each tend to think that obtaining a university degree is easier today than it was when they were students.After discussing the matter over coffee,they are even more convinced that obtaining a degree is easier today.This episode provides an example of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when group members become more extreme in their beliefs or attitudes after discussing a topic together. In this scenario, the professors initially had individual beliefs about the ease of obtaining a university degree, but after discussing it as a group, they became more convinced that it is easier today. This shift towards a more extreme view is an example of group polarization.

Question 10

In which of the following groups is social loafing LEAST likely?

Accepted Answer

In the case of restaurant food servers, each person's effort directly affects their individual tips, so there is a high motivation for each person to work hard and not engage in social loafing.

Question 11

Stacey's young daughter suffers from a rare blood disease.Stacey gathers information online about the disease and has found several online support groups.She tends to spend most of her day discussing the disease with others online.Her use of the Internet has provided her with support because of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stacey's young daughter suffers from a rare...

Question 12

Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims because of

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to a phenomenon where people lose their sense of individuality and become more likely to engage in impulsive and aggressive behavior. Wearing a mask can reduce a person's sense of individuality, making them more likely to act aggressively towards others. Therefore, masked bandits may be more likely to physically injure their victims compared to unmasked bandits due to deindividuation.

Question 13

Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers.Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper.This situation is most likely to lead to

Accepted Answer

The situation described creates an environment in which each individual's effort is not individually evaluated, leading to the possibility of social loafing, where individuals may not put in as much effort because they expect others in the group to compensate.

Question 14

By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes,the Internet most likely serves as a medium for

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the strengthening of attitudes due to group discussion or interaction. The Internet provides a platform for individuals with extremist views to come together and reinforce each other's beliefs, leading to an escalation in their attitudes and potentially resulting in radicalization and terrorism.

Question 15

How can deindividuation help explain adolescent acts of vandalism on Halloween?

Accepted Answer

Darkness, masks, and traveling in a group all provide feelings of anonymity that reduce self-awareness and inhibitions, potentially leading to irresponsible behavior.

Question 16

If the political conservatism of female students who join sororities is greater than that of female students who do not,the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college.This would be best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the tendency for a group to hold more extreme views than the individuals who make up the group. If female students who join sororities already have a higher level of political conservatism, when they come together and discuss their views, they may become even more conservative as they reinforce and amplify each other's beliefs. As a result, the gap in political attitudes between the two groups will likely widen over time as the sorority members become more politically conservative.

Question 17

Bob believes that the earth is flat.He has joined several online organizations that share his views and spends time watching online videos that provide evidence to support his view of a flat earth.His use of the Internet has strengthened his views as a result of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where being part of a group with similar views or attitudes leads to the strengthening of those views or attitudes. In this case, Bob has joined online organizations that share his flat earth views and by being part of these groups, he is likely to have his views strengthened through group discussion and reinforcement of his beliefs.

Question 18

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob.This change in behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. This results in a person acting in ways that they normally would not when alone or with a smaller group. In the context of a mob, deindividuation can lead normally law-abiding individuals to participate in acts of vandalism and looting. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks in the presence of others. Groupthink refers to the tendency of a group to make flawed decisions because of a desire for harmony within the group. Mood linkage refers to the phenomenon of people in a group sharing emotional experiences and having their moods influenced by those around them.

Question 19

Internet communication that enables like-minded health care advocates to share their ideas also serves to strengthen their prevailing health care attitudes.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon wherein group discussion and interaction tend to strengthen a group's prevailing attitudes and inclinations. Here, like-minded health care advocates communicate through the internet, potentially reinforcing their attitudes and beliefs about healthcare.

Question 20

In group situations,the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint that fosters arousal and anonymity is called

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation occurs when individuals lose their self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations, often leading to arousal and anonymity. This can result in behaviors that the individual may not engage in outside of the group context. Examples include participating in riots or looting during protests, or engaging in cyberbullying when hiding behind an anonymous online identity.

Quiz 42: Coping With Stress

An unlikable person is likely to be perceived more a group discussion of that person's qualities,and a likable person is likely to be perceived more a group discussion of that person's qualities.