Question 1

During a riot,a large sporting event,or mob action,people may lose self-awareness and self-restraint.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations where individuals feel anonymous and less accountable for their actions. This can occur during riots, large sporting events, or mob actions where individuals feel they can act without consequences. Normative social influence refers to the influence of the group's norms and values on an individual's behavior, social facilitation refers to an individual's improved performance in the presence of others, and social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. None of these fully capture the phenomenon of losing self-awareness and self-restraint during group behavior.

Question 2

Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as social loafing, where individuals exert less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. The observation that students pulled harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they believed others were also pulling with them illustrates this concept.

Question 3

Groups of citizens from liberal Boulder,Colorado,and groups of citizens from conservative Colorado Springs,Colorado,were asked to discuss socially relevant issues such as affirmative action and same-sex unions.After group discussion,the groups from Boulder expressed increasingly ________ positions and the groups from Colorado Springs expressed increasingly ________ positions.

Accepted Answer

The question states that citizens from liberal Boulder and conservative Colorado Springs were asked to discuss socially relevant issues, which implies that the groups had fixed political leanings prior to the discussion. The groups from Boulder expressed increasingly liberal positions, which suggests that they had a liberal bias to begin with and were more likely to adopt even more liberal views after discussing the issues. On the other hand, the groups from Colorado Springs expressed increasingly conservative positions, indicating that they had a conservative bias to start with and were more likely to reinforce their conservative views during the discussion. Therefore, the best choice is D, liberal for Boulder and conservative for Colorado Springs.

Question 4

By enabling like-minded climate change advocates to pool their ideas,Internet social networking sites are likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

Internet social networking sites are likely to contribute to group polarization, as they enable like-minded individuals to connect and reinforce their shared beliefs and attitudes towards climate change, resulting in a more extreme and polarized group opinion.

Question 5

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when they are working as a part of a group towards a common goal. This is because they feel that their individual contributions may not be noticed or valued, and therefore they do not feel as responsible for the outcome. The idea is that when people work in a group, they feel as though their individual efforts will not be singled out, and so they may not put in as much effort as they would if they were working alone or if their contribution were more noticeable.

Question 6

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point,angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field.This behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

This behavior is best understood in terms of deindividuation, which occurs when individuals lose their sense of individual identity and feel more anonymous in a group situation. This can lead to a decrease in self-awareness and self-regulation, resulting in impulsive and aggressive behavior. The angry fans may feel a sense of solidarity with each other and feel justified in their actions due to the emotional intensity of the game.

Question 7

Deindividuation refers to

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that fosters arousal and anonymity. People in a group may feel less accountable for their actions, leading to behaviors they would avoid if they were on their own.

Question 8

Jenny,Mark,Shelly,Abigail,and Nate are working on a group project for their psychology class.They will all receive the same grade for the project.While Shelly,Nate,and Abigail have been working hard on the assignment,Jenny and Mark have done very little.Which aspect of social loafing applies to Jenny and Mark's lack of work?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals contribute less to a group project than they would if they were working alone. In this case, Jenny and Mark are taking a free ride on the efforts of the other members of the group, which is a classic example of social loafing. They are not putting in the same level of effort as the other members, which can lead to resentment and decreased motivation among the other group members.

Question 9

Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among

Accepted Answer

Social loafing, the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone, is especially noticeable among men in cultures that value individualism. This is because individualistic cultures emphasize personal achievement and independence, which may reduce the motivation to contribute in a group setting, particularly for men who may feel their individual efforts are less visible or valued.

Question 10

A group of homophobic high school students discussed prejudice against gays.During the conversation,their attitudes became even more prejudiced.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the phenomenon where a group's attitudes become more extreme or polarized after discussing a topic or issue. In this case, the group of homophobic high school students started with prejudiced attitudes, and through their conversation, their attitudes became even more extreme or prejudiced.

Question 11

People sometimes feel less personally accountable and less concerned about what others think of them when acting as part of a group.This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals contribute less effort when they are part of a group. This is due to feeling less personally accountable and less concerned about what others think of them when acting as part of a group. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 12

Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue.Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as group polarization, where after discussing an issue, a group of individuals with similar views will often emerge with more extreme positions in the same direction as their initial inclinations. In this case, individuals already against the death penalty are likely to hold even stronger abolitionist views after discussion.

Question 13

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods,they demonstrated significantly more aggression.This finding is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and individual identity that can occur when individuals are part of a larger group, which can lead to a lack of self-restraint and an increase in aggressive or deviant behavior. The KKK-style hoods likely served to deindividuate the women and increase their aggression.

Question 14

Nora,Ko,Ian,and May each think that Ms.Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr.Schwenke.After discussing why each of them believes this to be so,they all conclude that Ms.Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr.Schwenke.This episode provides an example of

Accepted Answer

This episode provides an example of group polarization, where the group's initial position becomes more extreme after discussion and interaction. In this case, each individual believed that Ms.Akey was slightly better than Mr.Schwenke, but after discussing why they believed this to be so, the group moved towards the extreme position that Ms.Akey was definitely a much better teacher than Mr.Schwenke. This shift in position towards a more extreme point can be attributed to group polarization.

Question 15

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the phenomenon where group discussions and interactions result in the strengthening of the group's existing attitudes and beliefs. This can lead to more extreme viewpoints, either positive or negative, depending on the group's initial tendencies. Social facilitation refers to the idea that people tend to perform better when in the presence of others, mood linkage describes how the emotions of people in a group can become synchronized, and the chameleon effect is the tendency for people to mimic the behavior and expressions of those around them.

Question 16

Professor Janis was hired to help the campus police avoid riots after football game losses.He knows these riots are caused by situations that foster deindividuation.To help counteract deindividuation,the authorities should

Accepted Answer

Increasing self-awareness can help counteract the effects of deindividuation by encouraging individuals to think more about their actions and their impact on others. This can lead to more thoughtful and responsible behavior, reducing the likelihood of riots. Options B, C, and D would likely have the opposite effect and increase the likelihood of rioting.

Question 17

Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is most likely to occur in situations where individual efforts are not directly identifiable and can blend into the group, such as when audience members are asked to applaud. In this scenario, an individual might exert less effort because their contribution is not directly measurable or accountable, unlike the other options where individual efforts and outcomes are clearly identifiable and rewarded.

Question 18

A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the tendency for people who interact in groups to become more extreme in their views and actions. In the case of a terrorist mentality, group polarization could lead to increasingly extreme beliefs and behaviors without the moderating influence of outsiders. Mood linkage refers to the tendency for people in a group to share and synchronize their emotional states, but this does not necessarily relate to the development of a terrorist mentality. Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and individual identity that can occur in group situations, which could contribute to a terrorist mentality but is not specific to it. Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working individually, which is not related to the development of a terrorist mentality.

Question 19

Drew is working on a class project in which he needs a high grade because the class is required for his major.The others in his group are aware of that and also know that Drew is an excellent student.Drew finds that the others are depending on him to do the vast majority of the work.The others in Drew's group are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the others in Drew's group, depending on him to do the majority of the work, is an example of social loafing. Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort in a group setting because they believe their individual effort will not be noticed or appreciated. In this case, the others may feel that because Drew is an excellent student and needs a high grade, he will take on the majority of the work without complaint.

Question 20

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when individuals within a group share similar opinions and ideas. As they discuss these opinions and ideas, they become more extreme or polarized in their beliefs. If individuals have different perspectives or have not formed any opinions, there is less likelihood of group polarization occurring. Communication is important, but it is the similarity of opinions that creates the conditions for polarization to occur.

Quiz 42: Coping With Stress