Question 1

Dr.Bouton believes that emotion is the result of the interaction of physiological arousal and the cognitive appraisal that we apply to explain the arousal.Dr.Bouton's view is most consistent with the ________ theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Bouton's view emphasizes the role of both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal, which is consistent with the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion. The other theories listed do not give as much emphasis to the role of cognitive appraisal.

Question 2

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex (providing the conscious experience of the emotion) and to the sympathetic nervous system (causing the physiological arousal), unlike other theories that suggest a more sequential process.

Question 3

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car.When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car,Lee laughed uncontrollably.Lee's emotional volatility best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the phenomenon where arousal from one event can influence our response to a subsequent event, in this case, Lee's intense arousal from the near-accident spilling over and intensifying his reaction to the joke.

Question 4

In an experiment to test the spillover effect,college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with an experimenter's accomplice who acted either euphoric or irritated.Which individuals in this experiment were LEAST likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter's accomplice?

Accepted Answer

Individuals informed that the injection would cause physiological arousal would be least likely to experience the spillover effect because they could attribute their arousal to the injection rather than to the emotion displayed by the experimenter's accomplice.

Question 5

Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity often reduce people's subjective experience of intense anxiety.Which theory of emotion would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system...

Question 6

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that in addition to physiological arousal, an individual's cognitive interpretation and labeling of the arousal is necessary for experiencing emotions. In contrast, the James-Lange theory places more emphasis on physiological arousal being the primary cause of emotions.

Question 7

According to the ________,you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousal.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotional experiences and sympathetic nervous system arousal occur simultaneously and independently of one another. Therefore, experiencing emotions would not be dependent on sympathetic nervous system arousal.

Question 8

According to the two-factor theory,the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory proposes that emotions are a result of both cognitive appraisal and physical arousal. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes both of these components. A) is incorrect as facial expressions are a form of overt behavior, which is not considered a basic component of emotions. B) is incorrect as emotion-arousing events may contribute to cognitive appraisal, but physical arousal is considered a separate component. C) is incorrect as physical arousal and overt behavior are related but not interchangeable components of emotions.

Question 9

The lingering arousal associated with one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion.This is called

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the phenomenon where the lingering arousal from one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion. For example, if you are already feeling angry and then someone does something small to provoke you, you may react more strongly than you normally would because the anger from the initial emotion spills over into the new situation.

Question 10

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test,Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance,Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotions are determined by physiological arousal and the cognitive labeling of that arousal based on environmental cues. Harley's different interpretations of the same physiological responses in different contexts (a test vs. being asked to dance) illustrate this theory.

Question 11

Paul insists that the sight of guns always leads him to experience the same intense level of fear regardless of whether he is physically aroused or physically calm.Paul's reported experience is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

Paul's experience aligns with the Cannon-Bard theory, which proposes that emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently. This theory explains why Paul feels intense fear at the sight of guns regardless of his physical state.

Question 12

According to the Cannon-Bard theory,the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience emotions and physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, or muscle tension simultaneously. According to this theory, the cortex is responsible for the subjective awareness of emotion, as it is the part of the brain involved in processing emotional experiences and making sense of them.

Question 13

Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences.This finding supports the

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physiological arousal, and that the specific emotion we experience depends on the interpretation of that physiological arousal. Neck-level spinal cord injuries would limit the body's ability to experience certain physiological responses, which in turn would limit the intensity of certain emotional experiences.

Question 14

In one experiment,college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person.The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

This experiment supports the idea that our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal, as the injection of epinephrine (which increases physiological arousal) influenced the participants' emotional experiences depending on whether they were exposed to a joyful or irritated person. This suggests that our interpretation of physiological arousal influences the emotions we experience.

Question 15

According to the James-Lange theory,we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal.According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory, we first experience physiological arousal, such as increased heart rate, and then we interpret that arousal as a specific emotion. In contrast, the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously, meaning we experience the emotion at the same time as we notice the physiological changes. Therefore, the best answer is C, as it accurately represents both theories.

Question 16

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer.

Question 17

The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect is best explained by the two-factor theory, which proposes that emotions are a result of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. The spillover effect occurs when arousal from one source (such as a stressful event) spills over and intensifies emotions experienced in another situation. This theory takes into account both physiological and cognitive factors in the experience of emotions, making it the best explanation for the spillover effect.

Question 18

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small,enclosed space.With this new interpretation of his arousal,the patient no longer dreads elevators.The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory states that emotions are composed of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. In this case, the therapist provided the patient with a new cognitive interpretation of his arousal, which led to a reduction in fear.

Question 19

Researchers discovered that the ________ an individual's spinal cord injury,the more feelings of anger tended to ________ in intensity following the injury.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers discovered that the ________ an individual's...

Question 20

The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal. This theory would have difficulty explaining automatic or instinctive emotional responses, such as an automatic fear of snakes (C), because these responses occur without the need for cognitive appraisal or labeling of the physiological arousal.

Quiz 36: Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong