Question 1

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech in toddlers typically involves two-word sentences that communicate a simple idea or request, focusing on key words and omitting smaller, less critical words. "Eat apple" is a classic example of this developmental stage, where the child conveys a desire or action with minimal words.

Question 2

Noam Chomsky suggested that all human languages share a(n)

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky's theory of universal grammar suggests that all humans are born with an innate ability to learn language, and that all languages share a common set of structural principles and grammatical rules, which he refers to as the "universal grammar."

Question 3

No matter what language we first use,our first words are mostly

Accepted Answer

Nouns are typically the first words that children learn, as they relate to concrete objects and experiences in their environment. Verbs, adverbs, and adjectives involve more abstract concepts and are typically learned after nouns.

Question 4

Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty

Accepted Answer

Lavonne was trying to avoid losing points for faulty syntax, which is the use of incorrect grammar and sentence structure. The other options are not relevant to the issue of avoiding grammatical errors.

Question 5

Infants can learn which syllables go together,as in "hap-py-ba-by." This best illustrates the infant's capacity for

Accepted Answer

The ability for infants to learn which syllables go together is an example of statistical learning, which refers to the ability to detect regularities and patterns in the environment, such as the frequency and co-occurrence of sounds. This is an important skill for language acquisition, as it helps infants to segment and recognize meaningful units of speech. Options A, C, and D are not relevant to the concept of statistical learning.

Question 6

Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

During the babbling stage (around 6-8 months), infants become capable of discriminating between different speech sounds and producing vowel and consonant sounds themselves.

Question 7

At the age of 15 months,Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her.Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

At 15 months, Anita is most likely in the one-word stage of language development. This is the stage where children begin to use single words to communicate their needs, wants, and thoughts. Anita's repeated use of "hoy" suggests that she has associated this word with her desire for her mother to hold her.

Question 8

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is characterized by the use of short, simple sentences consisting of only two words, such as "Mommy car" or "More cookie." This stage typically occurs between 18-24 months of age, during the two-word stage of language development. The one-word stage (A) is characterized by the use of individual words to convey meaning (e.g., "juice" for "I want juice"). Babbling (B) typically occurs around 6-8 months of age and consists of repetitive consonant-vowel sounds. The semantic stage (D) occurs around age six and involves the understanding and use of more complex sentence structures and vocabulary.

Question 9

Noam Chomsky attributed children's ability to pick up language so readily to

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky believed that children are born with a built-in readiness to learn grammar rules, which he termed the Universal Grammar. This innate ability allows children to acquire language rapidly and without formal instruction.

Question 10

Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning...

Question 11

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Accepted Answer

The fact that people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood is the best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition. This suggests that there is a specific window of time during which the brain is primed to learn and understand language. After this critical period, it becomes more difficult to acquire language skills.

Question 12

Long before they can say words,many 6-month-old infants recognize the names of objects.This best illustrates their emerging capacity for

Accepted Answer

Receptive language, or the ability to understand language, is demonstrated by the six-month-olds' recognition of the names of objects. The other options, productive language and telegraphic speech, involve the use of language to communicate, which is not yet developed in infants at this stage. Outcome simulations are not related to language development.

Question 13

For many skills,childhood represents a(n)________ for mastery of that skill.

Accepted Answer

A critical period refers to a specific window of time during development when a particular skill or behavior must be learned in order for it to fully develop. If this skill is not developed during the critical period, it becomes much more difficult, if not impossible, to fully master later on. Childhood is often seen as a critical period for the development and mastery of many skills, such as language acquisition and socialization. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Options B, C, and D do not accurately describe childhood as a critical period for skill mastery.

Question 14

Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7-month-old's capacity for

Accepted Answer

The capacity to mentally segment spoken sounds into discrete units and understand their meanings is known as receptive language. Telegraphic speech refers to the early stage of productive language, where a child speaks in short, two-word phrases. Outcome simulation is the process of imagining the consequences of possible actions.

Question 15

The ability to produce words is to productive language as the ability to comprehend speech is to ________ language.

Accepted Answer

Receptive language refers to the ability to understand and comprehend language, including spoken or signed language. This is in contrast to productive language, which refers to the ability to produce language through speaking or signing. Therefore, the ability to comprehend speech is to receptive language.

Question 16

By about age 7,those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language.This illustrates the importance of ________ for language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes the concept of a critical period, which is a specific time window during which an organism's brain is particularly receptive to acquiring certain skills or knowledge. In the case of language acquisition, research suggests that exposure to spoken or signed language during the critical period is essential for developing language skills. After this period, the ability to learn language gradually declines, making it more difficult to acquire a first language or learn additional languages. Therefore, option A is the best choice that describes the phenomenon observed in the given scenario. The other options - outcome simulation, telegraphic speech, and linguistic determinism - are not directly relevant to the concept discussed here.

Question 17

The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The earliest stage of speech development is called the babbling stage, where infants produce sounds that are not yet words.

Question 18

________ is an early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs.

Accepted Answer

The description provided in the question corresponds to telegraphic speech, which typically occurs between 18 and 24 months of age. In this stage, children use short, simple sentences that consist mainly of nouns and verbs, omitting articles, prepositions, and other non-essential words. This is also known as the early multi-word stage, as children begin to combine words to express more complex ideas. The one-word and babbling stages occur earlier in development, while the two-word stage involves the use of subject-verb combinations without other parts of speech.

Question 19

Four-month-old Piper makes a series of repetitive consonant-vowel sounds such as ba ba ba ba.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The repetitive consonant-vowel sounds made by Piper at four months old are characteristic of babbling, which is a prelinguistic stage of language development where infants make repetitive vocalizations consisting of consonant and vowel sounds. This is a common milestone in language acquisition and helps infants to practice their vocalization skills.

Question 20

At some point during the babbling stage,infants begin to

Accepted Answer

During the babbling stage, infants experiment with making sounds, but they are not yet forming words or imitating adult grammar. However, they begin to lose their ability to discriminate sounds from languages they are not exposed to, which is a critical part of language development. This process helps them tune into the phonetic sounds of their native language(s).

Quiz 27: Retrieval: Getting Information Out