Question 1

Compare and contrast the language abilities of humans and nonhuman animals.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

After a mild stroke,Mr.McGeorge showed some signs of aphasia.What pattern of symptoms would lead you to believe the damage occurred primarily in Broca's area? What different symptoms would lead you to believe that the damage occurred in Wernicke's area?

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The answer of After a mild stroke,Mr.McGeorge showed some signs...

Question 3

Bilingual people,who inhibit one language while using the other,can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information.This has been called

Accepted Answer

The term "bilingual advantage" refers to the cognitive benefits that bilingual individuals may experience, such as improved executive function and attentional control. One of these benefits is the ability to better inhibit attention to irrelevant information in one language while using the other, known as the "language-switching cost." Option A, linguistic determinism, refers to the theory that language determines the way we think and perceive the world around us, which is not directly related to the benefits of bilingualism. Option B, implicit memory, refers to the type of memory that occurs without conscious awareness or intention, and is also not directly related to the bilingual advantage. Option D, universal grammar, refers to the innate linguistic abilities that all humans possess, and is unrelated to the cognitive benefits of being bilingual.

Question 4

Discuss evidence demonstrating the importance of critical periods for learning language.Explain what these critical periods suggest regarding the biological and environmental influences on language development.

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Question 5

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother,who can correctly name the different shapes.This fact would most directly challenge

Accepted Answer

This fact challenges Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis, which suggests that language determines or influences thought processes and cognition. The recognition of shapes by a six-month-old infant suggests that language is not necessary for basic cognitive processes such as visual discrimination.

Question 6

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

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Question 7

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves

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The answer of Introductory psychology students performed best on a...

Question 8

Teo is an infant and has not yet learned language.Describe how he is likely to think.

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Question 9

Brenda is bilingual and speaks both English and Chinese.Depending on which emotion she wants to express and the message she wants to convey,she often switches languages when speaking.This is partly because of

Accepted Answer

Brenda's switching of languages depending on the emotion and message she wants to convey is an example of linguistic relativism, which suggests that language influences and shapes our perception of reality and how we think and communicate. Bilingual individuals may utilize different languages depending on the cultural context, social situation or personal preferences.

Question 10

English has a rich vocabulary for_________ emotions such as anger.Japanese has more words for _________ emotions such as sympathy.

Accepted Answer

The first blank requires a word that describes the type of emotion being discussed, with anger being an example. The second blank requires a word that describes the opposite or complementary type of emotion, with sympathy being an example. The best choice is D, self-focused/emotions directed inward versus interpersonal/emotions directed towards others. This explains why English has more words for anger, as it is often an inwardly focused emotion, while Japanese has more words for sympathy, as it is often related to interpersonal relationships.

Question 11

Bilingual people's moral judgments reflect ________ when responding in their second language.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that bilingual people tend to rely more on cognitive processing than emotional processing when using their second language, leading to less emotional language and potentially less emotional involvement in moral judgments.

Question 12

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self depending on which language they are using.This most clearly illustrates the implications of

Accepted Answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis suggests that language plays a fundamental role in shaping our thinking and perception of the world around us. The experience of a different sense of self depending on the language being used aligns with this idea that language has a strong influence on our cognition and identity.

Question 13

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed.This suggestion most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed illustrates linguistic determinism, the idea that language determines thought and perception. This idea suggests that the way we categorize and label things through language can impact how we perceive and think about them.

Question 14

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.

Accepted Answer

Outcome simulation, where individuals visualize the end result rather than the process to achieve it, often has little direct effect on performance outcomes like exam scores.

Question 15

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2.If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

The fact that the Piraha people have no words for specific numbers higher than 2 demonstrates how language can impact our ability to think about and understand numbers. This is an example of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests that language shapes our perception and cognition.

Question 16

People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of

Accepted Answer

People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of a mental image, as they can visually recall the steps involved in the process, such as turning the doorknob, pushing or pulling the door, etc. A neural network would be more appropriate for complex motor behaviors that require coordination, while telegraphic speech and universal grammar are related to language processing and not relevant for this particular task.

Quiz 27: Retrieval: Getting Information Out