Question 1

Describe two mnemonic techniques that would enable you to remember the following list of grocery items: milk,eggs,margarine,oranges,rhubarb,ice cream,eggplant,and sausage.Explain why each would be effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two mnemonic techniques that would enable...

Question 2

Ebbinghaus found that memorizing familiar words required much less effort than memorizing nonsense syllables.This best illustrates the advantage of

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves the meaningful encoding of information, such as when we remember familiar words based on their meaning. This explanation best fits Ebbinghaus' findings that familiar words were easier to memorize than nonsense syllables.

Question 3

When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized,they often substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Semantic processing involves encoding information based on its meaning, which enables us to remember synonyms or related words in addition to the actual words on the original list. Automatic processing refers to unconscious encoding of incidental information, distributed practice refers to spacing out study sessions over time, and echoic memory refers to auditory sensory memory. Therefore, C - semantic processing - is the best choice to explain the phenomenon of substituting synonyms when recalling a list of words.

Question 4

We are more likely to recall adjectives if asked how well they describe us than if asked how well they describe someone else.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The self-reference effect is the phenomenon where we are more likely to remember information if it is relevant to ourselves. In this case, we are more likely to remember adjectives if asked how well they describe us, compared to how well they describe someone else, because the information is more personally relevant to us. This illustrates the self-reference effect.

Question 5

Instead of simply repeating a series of numbers he wants to remember,David mentally associates the numbers with meaningful dates such as his friends' birthdays.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

David's use of meaningful associations suggests he is engaging in deep processing, which involves connecting new information to existing knowledge or memories. This is in contrast to shallow processing, which involves simply repeating information without attempting to make connections.

Question 6

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if they rehearse the meanings of the Latin words.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

Deep processing involves actively engaging with and rehearsing the meaning of information, such as the meanings of Latin words in this scenario, which leads to better memory retrieval. Iconic memory relates to visual sensory memory, procedural memory involves remembering how to perform certain tasks, and echoic memory is related to auditory sensory memory. None of these are as relevant to the given scenario as deep processing.

Question 7

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook,Susan often relates it to her own life experiences.Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

Accepted Answer

Susan's strategy of relating the information to her own life experiences involves deep processing, which is known to be a more effective memory aid than shallow processing.

Question 8

Explain the updated Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory,which includes working memory and automatic processing.

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The answer of Explain the updated Atkinson and Shiffrin model...

Question 9

List the effortful processing strategies discussed in the text,and provide an example of each.When would each strategy be most useful?

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The answer of List the effortful processing strategies discussed in...

Question 10

Which measure of memory retention would you consider to be most useful for assessing the strength of an implicit memory? Provide an example of a specific implicit memory to show the reasoning behind your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which measure of memory retention would you...

Question 11

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence.This research highlighted the effectiveness of

Accepted Answer

The experiment conducted by Craik and Tulving involved asking participants to decide whether a given word fits in a sentence with a missing word. This task requires the participants to engage in deep processing of the meaning of the word, connecting it to a context and making it more memorable. Therefore, the experiment highlighted the effectiveness of deep processing for memory retention.

Question 12

A friend claims that the faster you read,the more you remember.Use your knowledge of effortful processing and effective encoding strategies to refute your friend's claim.

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The answer of A friend claims that the faster you...

Question 13

Using your working memory to associate an unfamiliar textbook glossary term with other familiar words that are similar in meaning to the glossary term best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The process of using familiar words to understand an unfamiliar glossary term requires deep processing, as it involves connecting the new information to existing knowledge and creating meaningful associations. Automatic processing refers to processing information without conscious awareness, the spacing effect refers to the benefit of spacing out study sessions, and the testing effect refers to the improved retention of information that is tested.

Question 14

Encoding words based on the appearance of the word's letters involves

Accepted Answer

Encoding words based on the appearance of the word's letters is an example of shallow processing, where the information is processed on a surface level and not deeply analyzed or connected to existing knowledge. The spacing effect, testing effect, and distributed practice all involve different techniques for enhancing memory and learning, but they are not directly related to encoding words based on their appearance.

Question 15

Memory researchers have found that ________ is especially strong among members of individualist Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

The self-reference effect, which refers to the tendency for individuals to better remember information that is personally relevant to them, has been found to be especially strong among members of individualist Western cultures. This is because these cultures prioritize individuality and the self as opposed to collectivism and group orientation.

Question 16

Which of the following questions would best enable you to remember that you saw the word PEACH on today's test?

Accepted Answer

Asking if the word is a type of fruit is the best choice because it directly relates to the word "peach" and can activate prior knowledge or create a stronger memory connection.

Quiz 23: Learning by Observation