Question 1

You are in an unfamiliar setting and your eyes are closed.Which of the following sounds would be hardest for you to locate correctly?

Accepted Answer

When our eyes are closed, we rely on our other senses to locate the source of a sound. In this scenario, it would be easiest to locate sounds within close proximity (such as the pen hitting the table or the crying child nearby) because the sound waves would reach our ears more directly. However, with a sound source like the bell ringing directly in front of you, it may be difficult to precisely locate it without visual cues to assist.

Question 2

While the ________ can be used to explain high pitches,the ________ explains low pitches.Pitches in the intermediate range can be explained by a combination of these two theoretical perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Amplitude theory refers to the idea that the height or amplitude of sound waves determines loudness, while place theory suggests that different areas along the basilar membrane of the inner ear respond to different frequencies of sound. Frequency theory proposes that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, but it has difficulty explaining how the nervous system can distinguish pitches that exceed the firing rate of individual neurons. Place theory, on the other hand, can account for higher pitched sounds because it relies on the location of the activated neurons on the basilar membrane, which responds differently to different frequencies of sound waves. Low pitches are best explained by the frequency theory, as the rate of neural firing in response to these frequencies matches the actual frequency of the sound waves. Therefore, pitches in the intermediate range are likely explained by a combination of these two theories.

Question 3

Kaylee's experience of pain during a demanding physical exercise routine was intensified when she noticed that other exercise participants were in a lot of pain.This best illustrates that the experience of pain is influenced by

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing refers to how our perceptions are influenced by our expectations, attention, and previous experiences. In this case, Kaylee's expectation that others were experiencing a lot of pain likely influenced her own perception of pain, demonstrating the influence of top-down processing on the experience of pain.

Question 4

The explanatory usefulness of place theory is limited because the neural signals triggered by ________ sound waves are not neatly associated with activation of a specific region of the ________.

Accepted Answer

Place theory suggests that different frequencies of sound waves activate different regions along the basilar membrane in the cochlea. However, this theory is limited for low-frequency sound waves because the signal is not neatly associated with activation of a specific region of the basilar membrane. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it mentions the limitation of place theory with respect to low-frequency sound waves and the basilar membrane. The other options do not accurately reflect this limitation.

Question 5

Mr.Kim's experience of chronic back pain is influenced by his cultural background,his attentional processes,and nerve damage caused by an automobile accident.An integrated understanding of Mr.Kim's suffering is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach recognizes that physical, psychological, and social factors all play a role in a person's experience of pain. In Mr.Kim's case, his chronic back pain is not simply a result of nerve damage or medical factors, but also influenced by cultural and psychological factors. Therefore, the biopsychosocial approach provides the most integrated understanding of his suffering. The McGurk effect and the volley principle are not relevant to the experience of chronic back pain, and the gate-control theory only explains one aspect of pain perception.

Question 6

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds,digital hearing aids produce

Accepted Answer

Digital hearing aids use compression technology to amplify soft sounds while compressing loud sounds to prevent distortion and discomfort for the wearer. Sensory interaction is the integration of information from multiple sensory modalities, clairvoyance is the supposed ability to perceive events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact, and tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing in the ears, none of which are directly related to digital hearing aids.

Question 7

Small differences in the intensity of a sound received by each ear enable us to identify the ________ of the sound.

Accepted Answer

The small differences in intensity between each ear, known as interaural intensity differences (IIDs), allow us to determine the location of a sound source. This is because the sound waves will reach each ear at slightly different intensities depending on the direction from which the sound is coming.

Question 8

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that enable the perception of

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that are specifically designed to detect pain. They respond to noxious stimuli, such as extreme temperatures or mechanical pressure, and send signals to the brain that result in the sensation of pain. While other sensory receptors, such as those involved in proprioception (the sense of the position and movement of body parts) and kinesthesia (the sense of body movement), can also detect sensations that are uncomfortable or unpleasant, they are not specialized to detect pain specifically like nociceptors are. Additionally, phantom limb sensations are not directly related to nociceptors--they are the result of changes in the brain's representation of the body after amputation.

Question 9

Many older people lose their hearing for high-pitched sounds due to tissue degeneration near the beginning of the basilar membrane.This is best explained by the ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The place theory proposes that different locations along the basilar membrane are responsible for detecting sounds of different frequencies. As tissue degenerates near the beginning of the basilar membrane, it would affect the ability to detect high-frequency sounds, supporting the place theory.

Question 10

Prolonged exposure to any sounds above 85 ________ produces hearing loss.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 decibels can cause hearing loss. Amps and ESPs are not related to hearing loss, and hertz refers to the frequency of sound, not the volume.

Question 11

A sensual leg caress evokes a different somatosensory cortex response when a heterosexual man believes it comes from an attractive woman rather than a man.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on our brain's sensory response.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described involves the role of cognition (thinking, beliefs, expectations) in shaping the brain's response to sensory input, specifically the response of the somatosensory cortex to a leg caress. The other options, kinesthesia and nociceptors, are related to different aspects of sensory processing and are not directly relevant to the scenario provided. Psychokinesis, the ability to move objects with the mind, is not related to this topic at all.

Question 12

Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent ________ spots on his skin.

Accepted Answer

Tickling is often done by stroking adjacent pressure spots on the skin. These pressure spots are typically found in areas such as the sides, stomach, and underarms.

Question 13

The volley principle is particularly relevant to the ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The volley principle refers to how groups of neurons can work together to increase firing frequency beyond the maximum firing rate of an individual neuron. This is particularly relevant to the frequency theory of pitch perception, which suggests that pitch perception is based on the frequency of neural impulses traveling from the ear to the brain. The volley principle is necessary for the frequency theory to account for the perception of higher pitches beyond the maximum firing rate of individual neurons. Therefore, the best choice is D, frequency theory.

Question 14

Because of the influence of cognition,a self-administered tickle produces less ________ activation than does the same tickle from something or someone else.

Accepted Answer

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing touch and other physical sensations. When we self-administer a tickle, the brain is aware of the tickle and its location, which lowers the activation in the somatosensory cortex because the brain is anticipating and predicting the sensation. Conversely, when someone else tickles us, the brain is not aware of the location or timing, resulting in a stronger activation in the somatosensory cortex. Therefore, choice A is the best choice.

Question 15

The loudness of sounds is conveyed to the brain by

Accepted Answer

The answer of The loudness of sounds is conveyed to...

Question 16

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the place theory, which suggests that the location of the hair cells that are stimulated determines the pitch perceived.

Question 17

Repeated gentle stroking of a pain spot creates a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repeated gentle stroking of a pain spot...

Question 18

The somatosensory cortex is activated by ________ sensations.

Accepted Answer

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing touch and other bodily sensations, including pain, temperature, and pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is B- touch. The other options (auditory, taste, and visual) do not activate the somatosensory cortex.

Question 19

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

Accepted Answer

A cochlear implant is most effective for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss, which occurs due to damage to the hair cells or neurons in the inner ear. It bypasses the damaged hair cells and directly stimulates the auditory nerve, allowing the person to perceive sound. It is not effective for conduction hearing loss, which occurs due to a blockage in the ear canal or middle ear, and can often be corrected with medical or surgical treatments. Dissociation and loss of balance are not related to hearing loss and would not be addressed by a cochlear implant.

Question 20

According to the frequency theory

Accepted Answer

According to the frequency theory, the auditory nerve impulses match the frequency of the tone being heard. So, the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard.

Quiz 19: Hypnosis